Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay - 1276 Words

Charles Dickens Great Expectations In the extract where Pip, a boy from a very humble background meets Miss Havisham, a rich but eccentric lady, Dickens wants the reader to feel sympathetic towards Pip. How does he make us feel this way? Great Expectations was one of the most successful novels ever written by Dickens. The novel focuses on the life of Pip, a boy from a humble background. The novel also focuses a lot on Miss Havisham, a rich but eccentric lady which Pip meets early on when he is a boy, but gradually as he grows up, assumes that she has helped him become wealthy. This may not be the case. Dickens has written this novel in first person of Pip so the reader can hear the story†¦show more content†¦When Pip goes to Miss Havishams, he sees the gates, and does not know what to do. He describes the gates and the setting around him from a young boys point of view. It all seems big and scary around him, and he is worried. Pip has a large shock when he meets Miss Havisham. She is an old lady, who doesnt seem the type to play. He is instantly taken-aback when he meets her, as she is in an elegant gown, and she is in a large dining room with rats and mice all over the tables with half-eaten food on it. It looks as if it has been left on a certain day, and has not been changed since. The clocks are all set at twenty past nine, and they do not move. She also seems to have no idea of the days of the week, as we will find out later. He also notices that Miss Havisham puts everything back in exactly the same place from which it came. He instantly knows that this lady is strange, and that something is abnormal is going on in the house. He is now scared of Miss Havisham because of this strange behaviour and he wants to leave. He finds Miss Havisham intimidating. Soon after we have been introduced to Miss Havisham, she reveals to Pip that she has had her heart broken. The reader feels very sorry for Pip in this next extract because we find out thatShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

Risk Assessment And Management Planning - 1770 Words

The Clinical Question: â€Å"In the hospitalized adult patient, will the use of multifactorial fall risk assessments and management planning (Morse Fall Assessment) be more efficient in comparison to the current risk assessment (Heinrich model II) practice to prevent falls in the months of November- December in comparison to September- October.† Background: Falls are a major health issue for older adults. One third of the population aged 65 and older will fall each year, and of those five to ten percent of falls cause serious injury. Direct injuries result from falls and have potential long-term consequences. These consequences may result in disability, fear of falling, loss of independence, and or death. Patient safety is always the forefront of clinical practice, with this being said, the education and implementation of a revised guideline will decrease the prevalence of said falls. Fall prevention is preventable through multiple avenues. Search for Evidence: In collecting evidence for this project, the database CINAHL Plus with Full Text was used to extract articles from scholarly journals in the field of nursing. An initial general search was conducted using the combined terms â€Å"falls† and â€Å"scale† which yielded a handful of articles regarding fall assessment tool. However, a second search using the term â€Å"Morse fall† was conducted to broaden the scope of research, and we were able to make selections from these searches. The Science direct website also provided fast facts onShow MoreRelatedRisk Assessment And Management Planning1774 Words   |  8 PagesThe Clinical Question â€Å"In the hospitalized adult patient, will the use of multifactorial fall risk assessments and management planning (Morse Fall Assessment) be more efficient in comparison to the current risk assessment (Heinrich model II) practice to prevent falls in the months of November- December in comparison to September- October.† Background Falls are a major health issue for older adults. One third of the population aged 65 and older will fall each year, and of those five to ten percentRead MoreThe Accounting Software Installation Project Case Study1680 Words   |  7 Pages EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SUBJECT OUTLINE Subject Number: Emergency Management Credit Points: 6 Subject Coordinator: Dr Jaya Kandasamy Subject Lecturer: Peter Garland Semester/Year: Spring 2007 Prerequisites: Completed a degree course Co-requisites: Nil, but a basic knowledge of local government procedures is helpful Anti-requisites: Nil, although some previous experience in local government and emergency management is useful. Read MoreReview on the Impact of Management Integrity on Audit Planning and Evidence948 Words   |  4 PagesReview on the Impact of Management Integrity on Audit Planning and Evidence Objective This research is done to assess the correlation between management integrity and RMM, audit planning and misstatement detection, which leads to analysis of the impact of management integrity information on audit conduct. Motivation Some cases of failures such as Enron and Sarbanes-Oxley have led public in general requiring auditors to be more careful in conducting their audit tasks, especially in termsRead MoreCase Study : Area Risk Assessment862 Words   |  4 PagesITGC Area Risk Assessment IT Management Low Systems Development Low Data Security Medium Change Management Low Business Continuity Planning High Alexandra DeHaven IT General Controls ITGC Area Summary of Issue Strength or Weakness IT Management FFC has an IT strategic plan Strength IT Management FFC has an IT Steering Committee Strength IT Management VP Information Security reports to CIO Weakness IT Management FFC plan matches IT plan Strength IT Management VP Applications reports to CIORead MoreThe Business Impact Analysis ( Bia ) And Risk Assessment1246 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis (BIA) and risk assessment are foundational elements of every effective business continuity program; however, in our experience, many business continuity planning participants experience a lot of confusion regarding the definitions, relationship, and expected outcomes between the two processes. This confusion often results in outcomes that fail to drive preparedness. Avalution acknowledges that there are many different ways to design and execute BIA and risk assessment processes, dependingRead MoreCase Study : Strengths And Weaknesses1447 Words   |  6 PagesStrength or Weakness IT Management FFC has an IT strategic plan Strength IT Management FFC has an Executive Steering Committee Strength System Development FFC’s Internal Audit Committee has a voting member of project team responsible for new project Strength Change Management FFC’s IT personnel adequately test new procedure before implementation. Strength Business Continuity Planning FFC has no documented business continuity or disaster recovery plan Weakness IT Management FFC has an Executive SteeringRead MoreQuestions On Risk Assessment Process Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesRisk Assessment Process Every firm faces risks, both internal and external, that must be dealt with. In order to assess risk, the auditor must understand what roll the area that’s being audited plays in the business. The purpose of risk assessment is to identify and evaluate the risks relevant to that area of the business and to determine how to manage these risks. The auditor then identifies the internal controls that regulate those risks – these are the internal controls the auditor should focusRead MoreThe Homeland Security And Risk Management Programs1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthreats as the United States encounters new enemies as well as ongoing natural disasters. Regarding the topic of risk management lays an intriguing question. This question is how to appropriately coordinate risk management programs while acknowledging elements of focus in regards to different assets and the manner in which these assets are used. The homeland security uses risk assessments on all areas, which this pap er will be focusing on, to determine how to maintain the condition of an asset as wellRead MoreRisk Management Within Homeland Security Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages Risk Management within Homeland Security Risk management is applied in numerous ways by various agencies and organizations within the U.S. national security apparatus. One manner in which risk management is utilized by the Department of Defense is to mitigate vulnerabilities to personnel during military operations. Whether or not to recruit and deploy a double-agent is a primary focus of risk management within the CIA’s Counterespionage Group. Moreover, evaluatingRead MoreRisk Assessment For A Financial Institution Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial institute. A risk assessment for a financial institution measures and helps manage compliance, financial and operational risks associated with both internal and external, activities and events. In today’s operating environment, numerous regulations and standards make risk assessment not only logical but vital for financial institutions. These are examples of regulation and laws that governs financial institutions, Regulatory compliance, Enterprise risk manag ement, Internal audit, Bank Secrecy

Research Proposal for Issue of Boredom in Schools - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch Proposal for Issue of Boredom in Schools. Answer: Research Background The research subject is to address the issues of boredom in schools, Australia. In the current period, it is significant for the schools to make strategies for avoiding the issues of boredom in school, Australia. Moreover, it can also be effective to the development of students as well as improve the situation of schools. At the same time, it can also be said that Australian schools have needed to more focus on the implementation of some significant strategies related to the inspiration, novelty, and competences (Abbott, et al., 2014). Consequently, it can improve the image of schools in Australia. In addition, there are certain components that obligatory to the researcher for selecting this research dilemma such as interesting research issue, the motivation of this research, and lack of research on this particular subject. Moreover, it can be said that researchers have completed the research on boredom but there is lack of research study on the issues of boredom in schools, Australia. As a result, it will force the researcher to select this research and start work in an appropriate manner (Bench and Lench 2013). Research Aim and Objectives The main aim of this research proposal is to identify the strategies to avoid the issues of boredom schools, Australia. The following points show the objectives of this research proposal: To address the meaning and concept of boredom in schools, Australia. To identify the causes of boredom in schools, Australia. To determine strategies to avoid the issues of boredom in schools, Australia. Literature review To address the meaning and concept of boredom in schools According to the Brinkmann (2014) boredom is based on unfriendly feelings, low stimulation, and lack of physiological stimulation. It is also stated that boredom cannot be identified as a prototypical and basic emotional practice; it can be categorized by mood. There are some significant factors by which boredom can be determined such as cognitive, expressive, physiological, and motivational factors. At the same time, it is also illustrated that boredom directly affects the growth as well as an image of the school in long-term. To identify the causes of boredom in schools Csikszentmihalyi (2014) argued that students are generally curious and filled with admiration for hearing the lectures without any disturbance. In the current scenario, lack of inspiration in the school can more create the issue of boredom that will also influence the image of the school in long-run. It is also stated that the lack of competence can also be cause of boredom in schools. There are different types of learning style and education way but only a few of them are used by the schools that will also create boredom, Australia. At the same time, it is also examined that sometimes tutors do something which creates complexity in the classroom as well as creates the boredom in the school, Australia. In support of this, DMello (2013) stated that lack of innovation can also create boredom in the school, Australia. Additionally, it is also stated that god gifted students and students who learn for leanings, practices, and efforts differ from each other. Further, it can be said that the content that will be provided by the tutors will be same, so here the gifted students have required some innovative way to engage themselves in the classroom. Moreover, in case, tutors cannot use innovative information in the classroom then it will create boredom. Therefore, it can be said that tutors have needed to focus on such kind of activity due to avoiding the boredom issues from the classroom systematically. To determine strategies to avoid the boredom in schools In oppose to this, Daschmann et al. (2014) examined that the application of modern technology in the classroom can be supportive to avoid the issues of boredom in school, Australia. In addition to this, it can be said that schools can use the innovative way to engage students in the classroom. It can also be said that schools can use the motivational techniques to positively motivate the students regarding the study and engage them in classroom activity in an appropriate room. As a result, it will help to enhanced students engagement as well as supports to make the positive relationship between tutors and students. Significance of the research The challenges of boredom in school, Australia can be a unique feature of the research study. The understandings about the boredom can also a crucial aspect to improve the performance of the student as well as school. Furthermore, huge volumes of data are available about the research issue which will be helpful for the researcher similarly a reader. This research study can support the researcher when they desire to make their profession in the education sector (Goetz, et al., 2014). Further, this research proposal will support to depth understanding about issues of boredom in schools, Australia. Beside this, it can also be said that knowledge of boredom can help to the school because it will improve the performance of students along with boosting the productivity of schools in long-run. In the existing market, it can be said that boredom has increased on a daily basis so the depth knowledge regarding boredom can support to successfully deal with the issues of boredom in schools. Proposed research methodology The interpretivism philosophy will execute by the researcher because it helps to build a depth knowledge about the research dilemma. It will be also supportive to provide an appropriate technique to the researcher to obtain the favorable outcome in less time and cost. The inductive approach will imply by the researcher to accomplish the objectives of research in a systematic way. This philosophy will support to categorize the relationship among the student engagement and boredom in school. It also enabled the researcher to develop the theory regarding the research issue to complete the research task systematically (Mackey, et al., 2015). In this research study, both primary and secondary data collection method will imply by the researcher to perform the researcher appropriately. The primary data will imply to collect the fresh data about the research dilemma from different sources such as and questionnaire, observation, and interview method. Besides this, the secondary data will be collected by the existing information by these sources named books, newspapers, journals, and online sources. The quantitative and qualitative method will use by the researcher to collect the information about the research topic. A researcher will use a combination of research method due to eliminating the disadvantages of both research methods in an appropriate manner. A researcher will capable to gather the views and beliefs of respondents about the researcher issue. The qualitative method will support to develop the conceptual framework of research issue. Quantitative research will use for collect the statistical data of research dilemma. A sampling method will use by the researcher through random sampling. The probability sampling methods will permit the researcher to provide an equal chance to respondents for the survey through a questionnaire (Pekrun, et al., 2014). Moreover, this research study will conduct via practicing the survey through a questionnaire wherein 50 students will select from Christ Church Grammer School, Hale School, and Hale Scool. Further, it can be said that the researcher can enhance the reliability and validity of this research by select appropriate samples. Moreover, it can also be said that the selected participants will support to complete the research objectives appropriately. Research Scope This project will be significant to provide relevant information about the concept of boredom, challenges as well as strategies to avoid the boredom in school. It will also support to manage the unexpected occurrence regarding boredom in school, Australia. Further, the implementation of the strategies of boredom can support to school to successfully deal with current threats of schools and also provide also assist to avoid the issues in the upcoming period (Tanaka, et al., 2014). Research Problems The major research issue is evaluating the challenge of boredom in school, Australia. In the existing business atmosphere, it is complex for the school to enhance the productivity as well as student engagement in the upcoming period. This research study will be supportive for the reader to create the depth understanding about the role of boredom in school. At the same time, it also supports to build understanding about the challenges as well as strategies to avoid the boredom from the school in an appropriate manner. It can also be said that different age, gender, innovative technique, motivation level, and tutor language can create the boredom in school at the same time it also declines the productivity of school. Appropriate strategies of boredom have enabled the school to decline challenges of bourbon in school, Australia. It is also supportive to gain student engagement to improve their productivity in specified time and cost. The application of innovative tools in the school can also enhance the internal capabilities of school systematically. Proper utilization o f strategies can decline the issues of boredom in a systematic manner (Taylor, et al., 2015). References Abbott?Chapman, J., Martin, K., Ollington, N., Venn, A., Dwyer, T., Gall, S. (2014). The longitudinal association of childhood school engagement with adult educational and occupational achievement: Findings from an Australian national study.British Educational Research Journal,40(1), 102-120. Bench, S. W., Lench, H. C. (2013). On the function of boredom.Behavioral Sciences,3(3), 459-472 Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology. USA: Springer New York. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Toward a psychology of optimal experience. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology. USA: Springer Netherlands. DMello, S. (2013). A selective meta-analysis on the relative incidence of discrete affective states during learning with technology.Journal of Educational Psychology,105(4), 1082. Daschmann, E. C., Goetz, T., Stupnisky, R. H. (2014). Exploring the antecedents of boredom: Do teachers know why students are bored?.Teaching and Teacher Education,39, 22-30. Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Hall, N. C., Nett, U. E., Pekrun, R., Lipnevich, A. A. (2014). Types of boredom: An experience sampling approach.Motivation and Emotion,38(3), 401-419. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. UK: Routledge. Pekrun, R., Hall, N. C., Goetz, T., Perry, R. P. (2014). Boredom and academic achievement: Testing a model of reciprocal causation.Journal of Educational Psychology,106(3), 696. Tanaka, A., Murayama, K. (2014). Within-person analyses of situational interest and boredom: Interactions between task-specific perceptions and achievement goals.Journal of Educational Psychology,106(4), 1122. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. USA: John Wiley Sons.

Metabolic Processes Photosynthesis Essay Example

Metabolic Processes: Photosynthesis Essay Modified True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.____ 1. The organelle that is unique to eukaryotic photoautotrophs is the chromoplast. _____________________________ 2. Light energy is principally transferred by chlorophyll b. _____________________________ 3. When exposed to bright white light chlorophyll fluoresces green. _____________________________ 4. In general, photosynthesis rates are lower at lower oxygen concentrations. ____________________________________________ 5. The location of the H+ reservoir in the chloroplast is the intermembrane space. ___________________________________Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____ 1. Of the following biological compounds, which one contains the element, nitrogen?a.fatty acidsd.starchb.sugare.proteinc.glycerol____ 2. An oxidation/reduction is best show n by which of the following?a.an amino and carboxyl group form a peptide bondb.two small molecules chemically combine to form a large onec.a base reacts with an acid to form water and a saltd.electrons are transferred from one substance to anothere.a large molecule is broken into two smaller molecules____ 3. The activity of an enzyme can be altered by changing the pH of its surroundings slightly. This change in pH works bya.causing the enzyme to precipitateb.masking its active sitec.increasing the activation energy of the reactiond.breaking its peptide bondse.altering its three dimensional shape____ 4. Which of the following is not a cofactor or coenzyme?a.Zn2+d.Fe2+b.Mn2+e.NADP+c.NAD+____ 5. Which of the following statements concerning allosteric regulation is not true?a.Allosteric sites are usually located next to, but separate from, the active site.b.Alosterically controlled enzymes usually have quaternary structure.c.Activators tend to keep all the active sites available to the normal substrate.d.Allosteric inhibitors stabilize the inactive form of the enzyme.e.Allosteric regulators attach to their sites using weak bonds.____ 6. Which of the following processes most likely does not involve anaerobic conditions?a.yeast causing bread dough to riseb.bacteria working in an aeration tank at a sewage plantc.bacteria in the soil help in compostingd.alcohol is produced in fermentatione.sewage breaks down in a septic tank____ 7. In an investigation of the pigments in the leaves of a particular plant, one spot moved 8.0 cm from the origin, while the solvent front moved 10.0 cm. What would the Rf value of the pigment be?a.80.0d.1.25b.8.0e.0.8c.2.0____ 8. Photophosphorylation specifically refers to thea.synthesis of glucose via carbon fixationb.splitting water as a result of lightc.synthesis of ATP by photolysisd.reduction of NADPH by electron transporte.synthesis of ATP using light____ 9. During carbon fixation, which of the following is a product?a.ATPd.carbon dioxi deb.3-phosphoglyceratee.oxygenc.NADPH____ 10. The name of the process whereby a plant uses oxygen in light.a.transpirationd.photorespirationb.translocatione.photosynthesisc.photophosphorylationImagine you have five small glass jars that are sealed to the atmosphere. All the jars are filled with a bicarbonate solution (as a source of carbon dioxide) and an indicator. The differences between each jar are described below:Jar #1: Has a small fish.Jar #2: Has one small fish in addition to some aquatic plants.Jar #3: Has three small fish in addition to some aquatic plants.Jar #4: Has some aquatic plants.Jar #5: Has some aquatic plants, but the jar is completely surrounded by aluminum foil.The indicator shows you how much carbon dioxide is in each jar. The following table shows the relative amounts:Colour of pH indicator solutionRelative amount of carbon dioxideredhighgreenmedium (equivalent to atmosphere)bluelowThe following table shows the results of an experiment where the tubes were al lowed to stand under natural light for several hours.ObservationJar #1Jar #2Jar #3Jar #4Jar #5Starting colour of indicatorgreengreengreengreengreenFinal colour of indicatorredgreenredbluegreen____ 11. The following are statements regarding the above results:I. respiration is taking place in all five test tubesII. respiration is exceeding photosynthesis in Jar#3III. photosynthesis is occurring in Jar#5IV. the lowest concentration of carbon dioxide is found in Jar#2Which of the above statements are correct?a.II and IIId.II and IVb.I and IIe.III and IVc.I and IVOptional Multiple Choice The correct answer is indicated by a (*)1. Photoexcitation occurs whena. 2ADP + 2Pi 2 ATP on 2 cytochromesb. light releases electrons from double covalent bonds on chlorophyll ac. 2 H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4 electronsd. pallisade mesophylle. ultra-violet (UV)2. In a C3 plant most of the photosynthesis activity occurs in thea. bundle sheath cellsb. spongy mesophyllc. RUDP; 2PGAd. pallisade mesophylle. pyruvic a cid3. C4 plants fix CO2 onto ________; to form ______________.a. RUDP; 2PGAb. pyruvic acid; 2PGAc. PEP; oxaloacetic acidd. chlorophyll a (bulk); chlorophyll be. glucose, water4. C3 plants fix CO2 onto __________; to form ____________.a. PEP; oxaloacetic acidb. pyruvic acid; 2PGAc. RUDP; 2PGAd. Glycogen, pyruvatee. Alcohol, aspartame5. The antenna pigments includea. chlorophyll a (bulk); chlorophyll b (all)b. chlorophyll b (all); carotenoids (all)c. Xanthophylls, cyaninsd. chlorophyll a (bulk); chlorophyll b (all); carotenoidse. Glycine, methylglycol6. The light reaction PRIMARILY absorbs light from the visible spectrum that isa. ultra-violet (UV)b. violetc. redd. The matrixe. green7. The light reaction occursa. the thyakoid membraneb. in the matrixc. in the stromad. Granae. Vacuole8. The dark reaction occurs in thea. matrixb. thyakoid membranec. stromad. lammmellaee. pancreas9. In the following equation, the 6 O2 originated from the6 CO2 + 12 H2O -1 2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2Oa. 6 CO2b. 12 H2Oc. 6 H2Od. sulphure. antimony10. In the following equation, the C6 on glucose originated from the6 CO2 + 12 H2O -1 2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2Oa. 12 H2Ob. 6 CO2c. C6H12O6d. Sulfur gase. air11. 1 and 2 on the - are6 CO2 + 12 H2O -1 2 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2Oa. CO2, H2Ob. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll bc. light and chlorophylld. aspartame and proteine. DNA and chlorine12. The major end products of the LIGHT REACTION is (are)a. 4 e- + 4H+ + O2b. ATP, NADPH2c. 6O2, 6 H2Od. NADPHe. FAD+13. Carotenoids absorb light PRIMARILY from the _________ portion(s) of the visible spectrum.a. red, violetb. bluec. greend. blacke. yellow-orange14. Both the end products of the LIGHT REACTION are used in the:a. reduction of 2 PGAs to 2 PGALsb. oxidation of 2 PGAs to 2 PGALsc. fixation of CO2 on RUPd. Calvin cycle15. Both the end products of the light reaction are used in thea. conversion of PGAL to DHAP through a series of reactionsb. oxidation of NADPHc. conversion of RUDP to PGAL through a series of rea ctionsd. Cellular respiration16. Which condition below favours the highest rate of PHOTOSYNTHESIS? (select only one)(a) CO2 0.2% light 7000 1x temperature 20oC(b) CO2 0.2% light 7000 1x temperature 15oC(c) CO2 10 % light 7000 1x temperature 25oC17. Regardless of light intensity and temperature, the rate of photosynthesis will not increase when the CO2 concentration isa. below 0.2%b. above 0.03%c. above 0.2%d. up to 100%e. below 0.011%18. The rate of photosynthesis is observed by :a. counting the O2 bubbles given offb. collecting O2 gas from the reactionc. looking at the water producedd. both a and b are feasiblee. counting the number of sugars19. Photosystem II receives electrons froma. photolysis of waterb. 2 cytochromesc. NADPH2d. Mitochondriae. rubisco20. Photosystem II produces _______ for the dark reactiona. ATP onlyb. both ATP and NADPH2c. PGALd. Electronse. protons21. In Photosystem I, chloroplasts use light to producea. histamineb. CO2c. Carbond. Carbonic acide. NADPH22. Lig ht is one factor involved with the rate of photosynthesis. Two others area. temperature and CO2b. temperature and O2c. water and ozoned. sulphur concentration and aluminium ion concentratione. chlorine concentration and H ion concentration23. The oxygen released through photosynthesis is derived froma. CO2b. waterc. ATP24. Rank the events a to c from which occurs first to which occurs last. Select the event that comes last.a. P700 is oxidizedb. photophosphorylationc. P680 is oxidized25. Rank the events a to c from which occurs first to which occurs last. Select the event that comes first.a. photophosphorylationb. P680 is oxidizedc. P700 is oxidized26. During the operation of photosystem Ia. NADPH is reduced and P700 is reducedb. P680 is reduced along with ATPc. P700 is oxidized and NADP+ is reducedd. ATP is reducede. The chloroplast is excited27. The general accomplishment of the DARK REACTION is thea. synthesis of ATPb. synthesis of PGALc. reduction of CO2 by hydrogend. Production of sulphuric acid gase. The production a alanine28. When light is absorbed by photosystem IIa. P700 is oxidized and CO2 is liberatedb. P680 is oxidized and O2 is liberatedc. P680 is converted to P700d. When the sun stops shininge. When the asparate shuttle stopsOther multiple choice questions can be found at: http://www.thelifewire.com/ and, http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell_awl/chapter10/deluxe.htmlCompletion questions1. Temperature and pH affect enzyme activity. As with all other reactions, enzyme-catalyzed reactions _________________________ in speed with an increase in temperature. However, as the temperature increases beyond a critical point, the protein structure begins to get disrupted , resulting in _________________________ and loss of enzyme function. Every enzyme has a(n) _________________________ temperature at which it works best and activity tends to decrease on either side of this temperature. Most human enzymes work best at around _________ ________________. Some enzymes require nonprotein _________________________, such as zinc and manganese ions. Other enzymes may require organic _________________________ such as NAD+ and NADP+. A variety of substances inhibit enzyme activity. ___________________________________ are so similar to the enzymes substrate that they are able to enter he enzymes active site and block the normal substrate from binding. This process is reversible and can be overcome be increasing the concentration of the enzymes substrate. Another class of inhibitors does not affect an enzyme at its active site, they are called ___________________________________ and their effect cannot be overcome by adding more substrate.2. In a general, overall comparison of the reactions that occur during cellular respiration and photosynthesis, it can be said that the main reactant in respiration is ____________________, while in photosynthesis it is ______________________________ and _________________________. In contr ast to this, the main products of cellular respiration are _________________________ and _________________________, while in photosynthesis the main product is ____________________ with an interesting waste product ____________________ that is very useful to many creatures on Earth. Cellular respiration is a process that ____________________ energy , while photosynthesis ____________________ energy.MatchingMatch each item with the correct statement below.a.ground stateg.photosystem Ib.excitationh.photosystem IIc.fluorescencei.noncyclic electron flowd.primary electron acceptorj.Z proteine.antenna complexk.photophosphorylationf.reaction centrel.cyclic electron flow____ 1. The release of energy as light as an electron returns to ground state.____ 2. The absorption of energy by an electron.____ 3. The lowest possible potential energy level of an electron.____ 4. Contains chlorophyll P680.____ 5. Transmembrane protein of chlorophyll a that absorbs light energy.____ 6. Contains chlorophyl l P700.____ 7. Web of chlorophyll molecules that transfers energy to a reaction centre.____ 8. Light-dependent formation of ATP.____ 9. Photon-energized electrons move to produce only ATP.____ 10. Protein that helps split water into hydrogen ions, oxygen and electrons.Short Answer1. Plants are the only important photosynthetic organisms. Comment on this statement.2. What are the roles of water and light in photosynthesis?3. Photosystem I usually converts most of the light energy it receives to ATP and NADPH by noncyclic electron flow. There are times when some of the energy is used by cyclic electron flow.a. What is cyclic electron flow?b. Why is it called cyclic?c. At what times does cyclic electron flow occur?4. Complete the following table to compare the various types of photosynthesis.C3C4CAMUsual areas were these plants are found.First enzyme to fix carbon dioxideName of molecule formed immediately following carbon dioxide fixation.Is there an energy cost associated with carbon dioxide fixation? (Y/N)5. Design an experiment to show whether sulphur dioxide, a gas produced during many industrial processes, has an effect on photosynthesis. Be sure to include a clear hypothesis.Essay1. You may have come into this course with the impression that plants photosynthesize during the day and respire at night. Based on what you have learned in this course comment on this impression.2. Compare and contrast C4 and CAM photosynthesis in terms of their abilities to counter the process known as photorespiration.Unit 1 Test Metabolic ProcessesAnswer Section according to government expectationsMODIFIED TRUE/FALSE1. ANS: F, chloroplast REF: C OBJ: 3.1LOC: MP1.052. ANS: F, chlorophyll a REF: K/U OBJ: 3.2LOC: MP1.013. ANS: F, red REF: K/U OBJ: 3.3LOC: MP1.014. ANS: F, higher oxygen concentrations REF: C OBJ: 3.5LOC: MP1.055. ANS: F, interior of the thylakoid REF: C OBJ: 3.6LOC: MP2.05MULTIPLE CHOICE1. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: MP1.022. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: MP1.0 43. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: MP1.034. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: MP1.035. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: MP1.036. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 LOC: MP1.067. ANS: E REF: I OBJ: 3.2 LOC: MP2.068. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.059. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.0510. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 3.4 LOC: MP1.0611. ANS: B REF: I OBJ: 3.6 LOC: MP2.06OPTIONAL M.C. QUESTIONS:1b, 2d, 3c, 4c, 5d, 6c, 7a, 8c, 9b, 10b, 11c, 12b, 13b, 14a, 15c, 16a, 17c, 18d, 19a, 20a, 21e, 22a, 23b, 24a, 25b, 26c, 27b, 28bCOMPLETION1. ANS:increasedenaturationoptimal37?CcofactorscoenzymesCompetitive inhibitorsnon-competitive inhibitorsREF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: MP1.032. ANS:glucosecarbon dioxide/waterwater/carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide/waterwater/carbon dioxideglucoseoxygenreleasesstoresREF: K/U, C OBJ: 3.6 LOC: MP1.06, MP2.05MATCHING1. ANS: C REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.062. ANS: B REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.063. ANS: A REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.064. ANS: H REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.065. ANS: F REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1 .066. ANS: G REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.067. ANS: E REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.068. ANS: K REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.069. ANS: L REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.0610. ANS: J REF: C OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.06SHORT ANSWER1. ANS:While plants may be the most visible photosynthetic organisms, they are not the only ones and probably not the most important ones. In addition to the higher plants, which are usually the most familiar with people, organisms such as algae, photosynthetic protists and cyanobacteria also carry out photosynthesis. Given the size of the oceans, the photosynthetic organisms that live in this environment probably have a huge effect on global oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.REF: MC OBJ: 3.1, 3.5 LOC: MP3.032. ANS:- Water is needed as a source of hydrogen ions and electrons which are used in reduction reactions.- Light is needed as a source of energy to excite electrons of chlorophyll, which results in the splitting of water to form oxygen and release the hydrogen ions and electrons me ntioned previously.REF: K/U OBJ: 3.3 LOC: MP1.053. ANS:a. In cyclic electron flow when photosystem I is struck by a photon with the correct energy, it will release electrons to the same carrier molecules as non-cyclic electron flow. These electrons move through a cytochrome system and cause hydrogen ions to move from the stroma across the thylakoid membrane to the inside of the thylakoid. The higher concentration of hydrogen ions inside the thylakoids can be used to make ATP. The chlorophyll molecule of PS I oxidizes the final electron carrier, gaining electrons to return to its reduced form.b. The term cyclic is used because the chlorophyll of PS I serves as both the electron donor and electron acceptor.c. Cyclic electron flow would appear to occur when reserves of NADP+ are low, which would imply that levels of NADPH are high. These means there will be a shortage of electron acceptors, which results in electrons being accepted by the cytochrome electron carrier system.4. ANS:C3C4C AMUsual areas were these plants are found.temperatetemperate to tropicalaridFirst enzyme to fix carbon dioxiderubiscoPEP carboxylasePEP carboxylaseName of molecule formed immediately following carbon dioxide fixation.3-phosphoglycerateoxaloacetateoxaloacetateIs there an energy cost associated with carbon dioxide fixation? (Y/N)NoYes, ATPYes, ATPREF: K/U, MC OBJ: 3.3, 3.4 LOC: MP1.05, MP3.035. ANS:Hypothesis: any clear statement indicating they understand the role of a hypothesis in framing the investigation.Controls: there should be some plants that will receive no treatment with sulphur dioxide, but otherwise are exposed to all the same conditions as the other plants.Replicates: there should be mention of repeating the experiment on several plants for both the treated and untreated group.Method: there should be some indication of how sulphur dioxide will be generated, how its application will be controlled and what will be measured to determine whether or not sulphur dioxide has an effect on photosynthesis or not.REF: I OBJ: 3.5 LOC: MP2.04ESSAY1. ANS:While it is true that plants photosynthesize during the day and respire at night it would be a mistake to assume that plants are this simple. Respiration is a process that continues on throughout the entire life of a plant, in other words it will occur both during the day and at night. Photosynthesis, on the other hand, having a requirement for light obviously can occur only when light is available. Many people choose to look at photosynthesis and respiration as opposite processes. In terms of the gases they consume and produce, this is true, but from a biochemical point of view the reactions are extremely different. While respiration consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, photosynthesis does the opposite.At night, only respiration is occurring and so there is a net production of carbon dioxide gas. As the sun rises and the light intensity increases, photosynthesis increase to a point where carbon dioxide consumption by photosynthesis equals carbon dioxide production by respiration. As light intensity increases further, the consumption of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis exceeds the production in respiration and there is a net consumption of carbon dioxide. In addition, photosynthesis will now produce more oxygen than respiration requires leading to net production of oxygen.REF: K/U OBJ: 3.6 LOC: MP1.062. ANS:Photorespiration is the oxidation of ribulose bisphosphate by rubisco and oxygen in light to form glycolate, which upon subsequent metabolism releases carbon dioxide. It is seen as a wasteful process both in terms of the carbon dioxide lost that could have become photosynthetic product, and the energy used along the way in releasing the carbon dioxide. This is a process that typically occurs in C3 plants such as many deciduous trees. Two mechanisms have evolved in higher plants to counteract the process of respiration, they are C4 and CAM photosynthesis.C4 photosynthesis is one response some plants have evolved to the problem of photorespiration. Plants such a corn and sugar cane are examples of such plants. The enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide in these plants is PEP carboxylase in the mesophyll cells of the vascular bundles, and the first product formed is oxaloacetate, a four carbon compound. PEP carboxylase has no oxygenase function as rubisco has so there is no initial problem with photorespiration. The oxaloacetate is converted to malate and shuttled into the bundle sheath cells where it is decarboxylated to pyruvate with the release of carbon dioxide which can now be fixed by rubisco which is present in these cells. However, the oxygen concentration in these cells is very low so photorespiration has been effectively eliminated but at the expense of some ATP. C4 represents a spatial separation of photosynthesis.CAM stands for crassulacean acid metabolism and is so named because it was first discovered in members of the plant family known as a the Cras sulacea (e.g., cacti, pineapples, aloe). CAM is a way that some plants have evolved to avoid the problem of photorespiration. In this process the stomata of the plants are open during the night when it is cooler and less water can be lost. Carbon dioxide can enter, but the usual method of fixing the carbon, by using the energy produced in the light-dependent reactions obviously is not available. PEP carboxylase is used to fix carbon dioxide into organic acids which are stored in the vacuoles of the mesophyll cells. During the day, when the stomata are closed, the organic acids are decarboxylated and the carbon dioxide that is released is fixed by rubisco in the Calvin cycle which is located in the bundle sheath cells. There is a cost of some ATP in the process. CAM represents a temporal separation of photosynthesis.