Corporal Images

First and foremost, it is of dire importance to draw a distinction between appearing to be ethical and actually using ethical considerations. There has been an attempt by several corporations to appear to be ethical. In these instances there has only been an effort to reach an immediate goal of prosperity. Of course this will work in the short run but in a sophisticated society â€Å"fake† will not survive. With the advances in technology and the increase of information, we as a community are becoming better informed. It is only a matter of searching and gathering the facts to make the decisive decision of proceeding with a certain company. In current times the line dividing truly ethical considerations and appearing to be ethical are becoming much easier to distinguish but in several cases are still unclear. In practice ethical considerations lead to a decrease in friction within the public domain. In other words, less conflict will arise between private individuals and corporations when ethical behavior is being be experienced. For corporations, social conflict takes place when behavior is seen as wrongful or unethical but in actuality is perfectly legal. Many times this leads to calls for boycotts from churches or other organizations. Whether the public demonstrates in front of the gates, charitable organizations set up wailing walls, or the media uses pressure through critical reporting, this will mean a definite loss in social recognition of the company in question. Kathy Lee Gifford fell victim to the media a couple years ago when her clothing company was caught abusing child labor laws in factories abroad. Whether this leads to a fall in the share price or there is a measurable loss in sales are of secondary importance. Criticism â€Å"from the outside† generally means that the management role is taken up with defensive activity and therefore not free for the shaping of the future. In the Kathy Lee Gifford case and as in many other cases, the issue faded and disappeared with time. Many economist have said that the most intelligent corporations forbid dealings that could provoke negative social reactions. On the other hand , there is steady increase in evidence that shows a corporation's â€Å"image† can become a competitive advantage when used as a tool of propaganda. This method of approach can in some circumstances be used to gain market advantages as it did for a local fast food chain in California. Jack in the Box was convicted of not entirely cooking their hamburgers which in turn was infecting children with salmonella poisoning. Due to the conviction and the attention from the media, the fast food restaurant was put under strict regulation. In other words, the new enforcement of regulation was a safeguard against the consumption of salmonella. Many individuals saw this as a benefit and as a result wanted to eat at Jack in the Box. This can be a positive market advantage where a corporation gains the attention from negative issue but can in the long run gain a larger market. Another example practiced in the Unites States, is where a number of companies that are not only environmentally exemplary but go beyond the minimum legal requirements. Other costs can arise through conflict with one's employees. The fact that a company is the focus of public criticism can have disastrous results for morale and job satisfaction within a corporation. In the long-term, this can lead to valuable employees looking for other work and leaving the corporation. This can be a detriment when a business is trying to establish itself as reliable As employees are a corporation's most valuable â€Å"capital†, this alone is reason enough why unethical conduct cannot lie in a corporation's interests. Various studies have shown a positive correlation between ethical conduct in a corporation and job satisfaction. Where top management is seen as giving strong support for ethical consideration, job satisfaction increase together with the degree of employee identification with the corporation. Everything points to the conclusion that a positive reciprocal relationship exists between â€Å"job satisfaction† and â€Å"ethical conduct†. The ethical considerations of a corporations play a role in the entirety of value systems, thought and decision patterns, methods of behavior, and structures within a corporation that often emanates a feeling of togetherness and thus boosts motivation to work. The role of the corporation within the community can also reinforce an employees behavior. A business that has been plagued with a negative reputation or considered to be â€Å"unethical† within the neighborhood could lower the morale of its employees. On the other hand, behavior that prompts customers to buy and motivates investors to purchase shares is looked upon with pleasure and pride can also reinforce employees' positive identification. A great example of this can be recognized in San Diego, California. Qualcomm in recent years has become one of the most prominent and successful companies among customers and its community. Not only does this corporation hold a large majority of San Diego employment but it also holds the name of the stadium. Its reputation within the city has given the employees a sense of pride for whom they are working. What Jakob Burckhardt formulated for individuals can also be applied to corporations: they are not just what they are, but also what hey have set themselves as ideals. Even if they do not emulate these to their capacity, a part of their being is marked by the mere fact of wanting to. There are a number of indications that show corporations whose practice ethical conduct are considered as more attractive employers than those which have been publicly criticized due to failure to recognize their responsibilities to the welfare of the community and the environment. A poll taken from Business Week revealed that 88% regard â€Å"work satisfaction†, 67% a â€Å"good working atmosphere†, and 66% a â€Å"job that makes sense† as important criterion in choosing an employer. These are all factors which can hardly be true of companies where Green peace demonstrates in front of the factory gates or churches call for a boycott. Corporations are now no longer measured on what hey produce, but on what they present. The strength of many trends can instantly change at the blink of an eye, especially when the labor market spreads hopelessness for those seeking a career. But an increasing number of individuals, whether as employees or consumers, are taking ethical viewpoints more seriously that 10 or 20 years ago. The next question we should ask ourselves is, why has this happened. Why are we as a society increasing our ethical considerations with corporations? One answer that was stated before is with the increase of information, we as a society are becoming more knowledgeable of our decisions. We are enabling ourselves to make more â€Å"ethical† decisions based on the whims of a corporation. Many of those with responsibility in corporations are complaining about an increase in an already too thick jungle of laws, stipulations, and directives. Commercial freedom, the complaint goes on, can no longer exist within the ever narrower thread of state regulations – too many rules endanger the economic success. There is a great deal of evidence that such complaints have set forth the idea that â€Å"less state† can have an enlivening effect on corporate commitment. Freedom is, however, always an ethical duty and may thus be demanded on only as a correlate of responsibility. Anyone who wishes to help avoid further criticism and correct inappropriate behavior must offer legitimate proof of ethically responsible conduct. Back to the example of fast-food restaurant, Jack in the Box, in order to continue serving the public they were required to prove they cooking their meats to full capacity. They had to provide evidence of corrected demeanor as well as compensation. Ethically responsible corporate dealings mean dealings beyond the status quo, active shaping, and forward-looking ethical balance. Minimal will not do in a society whose wants and needs are infinite. A corporation must not only meet but exceed regulations. Whoever maintains a running battle on current law to defend positions that might have been based on a regulations many years ago but which are now regarded as â€Å"wrongful† and will be even more so in the future, is not being business like but negligent. Such companies that support those social forces will demand tighter controls and more state intervention. Innovation, efficiency, effectiveness, the ability to utilize market potential optimally, recognize the signs of the times, and the art of saving costs and expense in the right place at the right time will continue to be of great importance alongside all the other corporate virtues. However, an additional element will gain in significance: business ethics. It will become more and more a new, solid basis for competitive ability, breaching the limits of classical markets. The more wealthy a society is, the more significant non-material values become. Corporations that act in a visibly ethical way will be preferred by informed consumers more and more. This will become a problem for those corporations that ignore moral aspects, and for other it will be an opportunity to get to the very top.

Metho Drinker

We have chosen this poem to analyse today as we thought that it would be one that you could all relate to. Not necessarily to the homeless man, but to the topic of addiction. Nearly every one here would have known someone who has suffered from an addiction, and knows the effect that it has on not only the addict, but their families. It also highlights the ignorance in today’s society, as many are unaware of their sad existence. Main Idea The poem Metho Drinker by Judith Wright tells the story of a homeless man and his addiction to Methylated Spirits, an addiction which is slowly killing him. Living in winter’s harsh conditions â€Å"under the death of winters leaves he lies† he hides away from society. He is alone and ‘cries to nothing and the terrible night’ as he has nothing and there is no one around him. So he turns to the one thing in his life that keeps him warm, methylated spirits. Personification The poem continuously uses personification, as a way of interpreting the man’s relationship with the bottle. The bottle is personified as ‘his girl’, his only companion. His woman of fire who creeps to his heart and sets a candle there†, this shows his love and affection for this ‘woman’. In the next two lines his addiction to Metho becomes evident, as Wright introduces the metaphor of â€Å"melting away his flesh†¦ to eat the nerve that tethers him in time† as the addiction is slowly killing him. the Metho burns him as he drinks it â€Å"to eat the nerve that tethers him in time†. He dr inks it to take his pain away. The candle burning keeps him warm inside and provides him with warmth that he can not find on the streets. Similes Light is compared to ‘knives; whose thrust I cannot turn’ which suggests the pain that light brings to the drinker. Time, to the man, is a never ending trouble. By drinking the Methylated spirits he feels like he is escaping time and escaping from the troubles in his life. â€Å"He is uneasy under her kiss/and winces from that acid of her desire†. This shows how the metho is killing him but the desire and need for ‘her’ or ‘it’ is too strong to stop and his addiction has taken over. Symbolism Symbolism is used in the poem as the woman and his apparent love and desire for her symbolises the bottle of Methylated Spirits and his addiction. Voice The voice of the poem is written in third person. This technique is used in a way to show an outsider’s perception of the homeless man. Structure The structure is a technique that has been used in this poem. The first stanza in the poem sets the scene for the reader, and helps to give the basic story of the man. It shows how the drinker ‘cries to nothing and the terrible night’ and shows his hate for time, light and society’s cruelty. Whereas in the second stanza introduces the drinker and his relationship with the bottle. Figurative language Figurative language is used in the poem when describing the effect that the Metho has on the drinker. It ‘melts away the flesh that hides the bone to eat the nerve that tethers him’, this is a non literal phrase, but again shows the feeling that the Metho creates in him, further causing his addiction.

Causes of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Causes of Crime - Essay Example The situation is resoundingly similar in other countries of Africa as well as in Latin America. To measure crime several indicators such as homicide prevalence, reported injury rates, as well as the size of county's security apparatus. As a matter of fact, crime rates have been on the rise in many parts of the world and the causes are as varied as the countries themselves. While prominence has been given to some crimes such as Terrorism, this contributes to only a very small percentage of the total crimes committed in any part of the world. It is perhaps due to the much media attention attached to terrorism that has amplified the reporting on the crime hence making it look uglier and more prominent than other types such as theft, robbery. In terms of causes, there are many causes of crime and most are determined by the nature of crime. For instance, terrorism can be attributed to religious zeal as well as the endeavor to free a group of people from some perceived oppression. Crime di sproportionately causes civil strife as well as the suffering of many including children and women. This sad but real state of affairs calls for efforts geared towards first understanding the causes of crime and secondly undertaking the necessary steps to deal with the causes. There is a dimension, in fact a positive correlation between crime and underdevelopment. Underdevelopment in this case does not mean the absence of technology but it is used to imply the slow progress of a people due to impediments such as insecurity lack of empowerment as well as well as lack of support from the government. Other effects include the loss of or diminishing of GDP which in turn leads to the under provision of basic services, such education and health care. According to World Health Organization's, as at 2002 homicide was approximated to be affecting almost 100 people in every 100,000 people in the population in a study of the Region of the Americas. Spatial dimension of crime. Crime prevalence in urban areas is different from those in rural settings. While crime in most urban settings tends to be associated with social problems such as high poverty rates and high rate of family break ups in non highly urbanized areas, it can be attributed to purely low income rates. Other ways in which crime is manifested includes: homicides, robberies, kidnappings, muggings, assaults, domestic violence, sexual violence, violence against children and the elderly, as well as terrorist activities. Socio economic dimension. The social economic aspect has a bearing on how different people experience crime. He further adds that, age of offenders can be useful in providing explanations for patterns of crime. It has been observed, that, low income earners are more prone to crimes such as homicides as well as physical injuries. On the other hand high income earners are more likely to suffer from crimes such as property related crime In a study in Colombia, it was observed that the poor were more likely to suffer from domestic related crime as opposed to high income earners who mainly faced property crime ,this was mainly attributed to the fact that (Gaviria and Velez ,2001). Homicide deaths have been criticized for failing to take in to account deaths or injuries related to car accidents as analysts treat it still crime related while it may not be the case. Crime is defined as an act committed by a person that is punishable by law

Canadian politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Canadian politics - Essay Example According to proponents of reforms, the way in which the system operates now. With twenty?four senators per region plus six assigned to Newfoundland and Labrador; does not reflect the political reality of contemporary Canadian federal relations. Of these one is for the Northwest Territories i.e. Yukon and Nunavut. These senators are appointed by the prime minister to serve until the age of seventy?five as per the current constitution. This arrangement of the upper house has never gone down well with Prime Minister Harper and together with the conservatives has always wanted to reform the senate in order to make it more efficient. These he advocates through the policy of the triple E that stands for equal, elected and effective. However, Harper keeps following the tradition of patronage that he so criticized while in the opposition. His government has tried severally to pass bills that do limit the tenure of senators to between 8 and 12 years through the introductions of bills that al so provide a legislative frame work for the election of senators. These efforts were to form the basis for the governor general appointment of new senators on the advice of the prime minister. These bills were unsuccessfully introduced by his government seven times in the 39th and 40th parliament but did not sail through as the conservatives were a minority in the house at the time. In the 41st parliament, Mr. Harper had a majority in the house hence the agenda to reform the senate was introduced through two previous bills that were now introduced as one i.e. Bill C-7, the senate reform act. This bill sort to reform the selection of senators and set there were term limits by amending of the constitutional act of 1867. The assumption was that since the conservative had now a majority in the house this bill will surely pass. Note that the Canadian parliament has powers bestowed to it to amend parts of the constitution that exclusively fall within its jurisdiction. The bill intended to achieve this through legislation and both parts of the bill were indeed inline with the Constitution Act of 1982. It was therefore constitutional in principle (Thompson 64). The bill however did not pass into law due to pertinent issues that were raised by the opposition and this goad the prime minister through the governor general to seek guidance from the court concerning the matter. There were two contentious issues, one relating to the framework to be used for electing nominees for senate appointments from the province. This concerned matters relating to recommendation for senate nominees to the governor general from a list from the provinces or territories. This list is for those who will have been elected through an election held inline with the provincial or territorial laws drawn in accordance with the framework. The second was the pertinent issue about the tenure of the senators to a one off nine year limit. The nature of the Canadian parliament from the past is that senat ors have generally been in office for an average period of between 9.7 years since 1975. Therefore, the provision in Bill C-7 was to limit the tenure of senators to a one term of 9 years would in a real sense have no political or constitutional effect per see (Thompson 96). Thus, the character of the parliament would roughly remain the same. However section 29A right up to 31 of the constitution states that a person referred to in subsection (1) whose term is interrupted may be summoned again to

Theory and Empirics in Qualitative Geographic Research Essay

Theory and Empirics in Qualitative Geographic Research - Essay Example He presents his data through anecdotes --- presenting the details of the scenario and then analyzing it afterward. This is quite effective especially in linking the relationship of the data he has gathered through observations. The only downside is that the style appears to be redundant after a couple of scenarios. His main stance is that in analyzing police work and behavior, one must pay attention not only to its cultural and social frameworks, but also in its inflexible nature in order to fully support and defend the generally accepted concept of public order (Herbert 20-1). On a personal viewpoint, his argument benefits well from the qualitative nature of the research. The variables present in such research is not only quantified by numbers, but also qualified by reasons. Through this, the author is able to dig deeper into the â€Å"whys,† thus enabling him to formulate conclusions that will aid towards more insightful views into the reasons for certain police

Documentary Movie Analysis-Who Killed Vincent Chin Essay

Documentary Movie Analysis-Who Killed Vincent Chin - Essay Example Documentaries are more non-fictitious and real-life based, unlike commercial flicks; their purpose varying from showcasing reality to enlightening and educating the rural masses. Whatever be the case, documentaries are real life depictions on screen. Documentary films fall under varied genres, such as Authored Documentaries, Fly on the Wall, Docu-soaps, Docudramas, and the like. The first two are captures of real life instances, while the latter two are enactments of what has really transpired. Thus, documentaries stand for ‘Truth’. The documentary, ‘Who killed Vincent Chin’ was directed by Christine Choy and Renee Tajima. It is in the form of a docu-drama, exploring the real incident, by using characters to play the real-life ones. The cast includes Renee Tajima and Ron Ebens. The documentary explores the concept of racial discrimination in America, against an Asian-American immigrant, the flaws in the judicial system in America and above all, the sheer struggle that immigrants undergo in the process of assimilation and adaptation to the American culture and falling in line to conquer and realize their ‘American Dream’. This paper attempts to analyse the documentary, the various techniques used and how the documentary has been shot, to add value to the concept and the idea in particular. The story-line of the documentary reflects the real-life incident, wherein an Asian-American, Vincent Chin was murdered haplessly, by two Americans, Ron Ebens and his step-son, Michael Nitz. The murder happens after a scuffle between the two, at Fancy Pants, a Detroit topless bar. The murder takes place outside the bar, in a corner, with eye-witnesses watching the gruesome act, where Chin is shown beaten with baseball bats. While on the surface, the concept is that of a hapless murder occurring in the midst of

Orthodontic Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orthodontic Processes - Essay Example While patient compliance could be a potential aid in this respect, the prospect of white spots as a consequence of enamel deminseralization has had severe consequences for patient compliance and hence overall dental care. In this respect it is necessary that future studies are directed towards development of treatment strategies which are not centred on patience complinace alone. Fluoride varnishes are an upcoming methodology that is increasingly being used to resolve this issue. This proposal shall aim to address this increasingly used method to promote existing orthodontic processes. It has been previously demonstarted that fluoride therapy may have some efficacy in reducing demineralization (O'reilly etal 1987) and indeed in having a protective effect against plaque formation (Ten Cate and Duyster 1983, Silverstone 1978). Furthermore a recent invitro study by Timothy Foley and Manish Aggarwal (2002) has further reestablished the role of protective role of fluoride against demineralization processes. Drawing from these studies it is possible to speculate that flouride varnish if applied on teeth might have some potential for attenuating the deminaralization process (Vivalidi et al Todd et al 1999). The in effect is the working hypothesis underlying this proposal. The primary objective of this study would be to examine whether flouride varnish applied on the teeth might reduce this deminaralization. Given that the fluroide application in the varnish protocol is essentially an anticipatory blocking procedure that does not necessitate patient compliance, it serves orthodontists to gain from the bond strength of composite resins and does not suffer from constraints of development of stagnation areas in the dental environment. Experimental design - Materials and Methods The experimental design is an attempt to study the efficay of flouride varnish (Cavity shield by Omni products) in an invitro setting in preventing/attenuating the demineralization process. The materials and methods that shall be used for this purpose is described below One hundred eighty extracted, caries-free, fully developed molars shall be were selected, cleaned, and stored in deionized water. Care shall be taken to ensure that the potential effect of intraoral topical fluoride on the molars selected for the study would be minimal (ensured by the limited time the teeth remain in the oral cavity). The teeth were polished with fluoride-free dental prophylactic paste to remove any fine debris, rinsed with deionized water, and randomly allocated to the following 2 test groups: group 1, control or vehicle group with no flouride group 2, treatment group with flouride varnish (Cavity shield by Omni products)applied on them . This study design can be shown as presented beneath; Fig 1. Flow diagram showing division of sub groups in the experiment. After allowing the varnish to dry for 5min, all teeth in both groups 1 and 2 were stored in separate beakers of a 200ml artificial saliva solution consisting of 20mmol/l NaHCO3, 3mmol/l NaH2PO4, and 1mmol/l CaCl2, at neutral pH for further processing during the duration of the experimental period. Further to that all teeth in each group shall be removed, rinsed

PEST analysis for the iphone in the UK( just Social and Technological Essay

PEST analysis for the iphone in the UK( just Social and Technological part) - Essay Example One of the company’s products that are highly demanded in the market is iphone. This paper will discuss the technological and social factors and how they affect the demand of the product in the UK market The young people make the largest market segment in UK. These are people with a disposable income which they are willing to spend on high quality products in the market. Having an iPhone is currently being considered as a social symbol. The current generation has a perception that owning one of these phones is an indication that one belongs to a higher social class (Meek, Meek, & Chartered Institute of Marketing 2003). Therefore, young people across the UK are working hard in order to ensure that they get hold of this gadget. This has played a significant role in increasing the demand for the product in the market. The design and the quality of iPhone make it ideal for majority of the UK population. The local population believes that Apple Company produces high quality products which meet the demand of the current generation. As a result, people are willing to go to any extent in order to purchase the product. Moreover, the innovative nature of the company makes the customer more eager to wait for the next product (Nykiel 2003). However, iPhone has been able to satisfy the interests of very many customers in the UK. Therefore, the demand for the phone continues to rise each day. Apple Inc has been using various media in order to reach the target market. Currently, it has shifted towards social media in order to reach its customers across the country. The social media platforms have given an opportunity for the company to communicate directly with the customers (Pogue 2010). As a result, the customers are able to raise their grievances concerning the company’s product. Therefore, the issues are addressed before they get out of hand. This has been instrumental in developing a very close customer relationship (Lancaster &

Medical Law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medical Law coursework - Essay Example The right of younger children to provide independent consent is proportionate to their competence, but a child's age alone is clearly an unreliable predictor of his or her competence to make decisions. A judgment in the High Court in 1983 laid down criteria for establishing whether a child, irrespective of age, had the capacity to provide valid consent to treatment in specified circumstances. Two years later these criteria were approved in the House of Lords and became widely acknowledged as the "Gillick test," after the name of a mother who had challenged health service guidance that would have allowed her daughters aged under 16 to receive confidential contraceptive advice without her knowledge. As long ago as 1969 the Family Law Reform Act declared that consent to medical treatment given by a minor of sixteen "shall be as effective as it would be if he were of full age," (1969) and in such cases parental consent need not be obtained. The empowered children to make informed decisions based on their competence and capacity. This view of children's legal rights have been strengthened in Gillick v. West Norfolk & Wisbech Area Health Authority (1985) where House of Lords ruling declared that "parental responsibility diminishes as child acquires sufficient understanding to make his own decisions" and that "at common Law a child of sufficient intelligence and understanding could consent to treatment, notwithstanding the absence of parents consent." This judgment clearly and expressly declared that a doctor might provide contraception to minor under sixteen with or without her parents consent. The law did not recognise any rule of absolute parental authority until a fixed age: parental rights were recognised by the law only as long as they were needed for the protection of the child and such rights yielded to the child's right to make his own decisions when he reached a sufficient understanding and intelligence to be capable of making up his own mind. This has to be an exercise backed by sound clinical judgm ent taking into consideration what is best for the patients health. This was further supported by Health's Guidelines for Ethics Committee (1991) which holds that parental consent cannot override a competent child's refusal of consent. This was also supported in 1984 by the British Medical Association's Philosophy and Practice of Medical Ethics (1988) which advises that physicians may provide contraceptive to mentally mature women under sixteen without parental notification or consent if that clinically serves the patients best interest. (Kessel, 1993 ) Here the conflict is between autonomy and dependency, which characterizes the legal position of the minors. This lays emphasis on the rights to decide on the matters of sexuality, reproduction, partnership, marriage and parenthood which are influenced and limited by parental rights and also affected by state regulation. This leads to the more pertinent question of the social rights of minors around the issue of sex education, as one of the most controversial subjects investigated.

Types of photography Essay Example for Free

Types of photography Essay i) Introduction Photography can be defined by the science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like. It also can be define by the art or process of producing pictures by this action of light. Photography is definitely worth a thousand words and it has the power to convey a whole new meaning of a particular situation. On these now days, photography may be a hobby to the teenagers and other some people but this hobby can be change to complete profession. A stunning photograph would be requiring the expertise of a skilful eye that is trained to capture moments in the best way possible. There are 3 types of photography that also make fantastic career options. ii) Body A. The first is fashion photography. i) This genre is one of the most lucrative kinds. ii) Photographs are one of the most effective ways of communication in the world of fashion. iii) Photography is used to bring attention to the clothes and accessories. iv) Fashion photography today, create particular look either in natural find their way in leading fashion magazine. v) These can cater to the niche crowd that loves to know the best in clothing and another fashion accessory. B. The second is wedding photography. i) Wedding photography is a specialized field of this art form which is dedicated to snapping the most memorable moments in various creative ways. ii) Can take his/her own approach towards this subject. iii) While some prefer the traditional ‘posed’ ways, there are others who base their pictures fashionable with particular themes if agreeable with the client. iv) Today, many people are willing to explore a new idea, which opens up many new creative avenues of experts in wedding photography. C. The third or the final is photojournalism. i) Photojournalism is all about telling a story about a particular event or incident through a single photograph. ii) This genre of photography is used mainly by publications to represent the latest news. iii) In this case, the photographer’s visual and the writer’s story should complement each other. For example, if a writer is making a specific mention of a particular location in the story, the photographer can find innovative ways to capture the same on camera. iv) Photojournalism can be further classified into: Documentary Photography, Street Photography, Celebrity Photography and Sports Photography. iii) Conclusion In conclusion, these various types of photography clearly give indication of the blossoming of this art form. Technology has made it possible to go beyond the obvious frames. Today, photography is all about combination of the expertise of the photographer as well as techniques. But the true sense, an excellent photographer would only need creativity and strong powers of observation to able to capture visuals that are truly beyond the ordinary.

Production And Consumption Inseparability

Production And Consumption Inseparability Inseparability of production and consumption refers to the concepts of interaction and service encounter. The process of simultaneous production and consumption involves the presence of customers, the customers role as a co-producer, customer-employee and customer-customer interactions that makes it unique from a product (Shostack 1977). Researchers often refer to the customers as partial employees in a service setting. During co-production, customer involves himself in self-service (self check-in), using technology and machines offered by the service provider (airlines). 2.1 Service encounters During simultaneous production and consumption, it is the service encounters, that are the critical moments of truth in which customer often develops a perception/ attitude about the business (Bitner et al. 2000) and creates a differentiation from other competitors. In the airline industry, these service encounters are on which the organisation, either thrives or dies based on customers evaluation of their service. And the successful organisations take it a step further to enhance their core or essential features with extended or enhanced features. Service encounters can take place across a range from the traditional face-to-face (check-in, cabin crew), telephone (telephonic check in, booking tickets), and lastly through the internet (web check-in, booking tickets) and at every point the airline industry thrives to make it easier and comfortable (less time consuming) for the customer. A successful organisation is which that exceeds the customers expectations (enhancing features) and not just meeting their expectations (core features). But Harris et al. (2003) suggests that if the core features are not met by the airline industry, it is that leads to customer dissatisfaction. He also suggests that only 5% of the unhappy customers complain to the service providers, thus making it difficult for the service providers to address the issue. What intrigues even more is that the 95% of the customers, who do not complain, talk negatively about the service to their acquaintances. . However, when dissatisfied customers do complain and the problem is resolved to their satisfaction, they are very likely to return. The reasons for dissatisfaction may vary across long queues at check-in or booking counter, incompetent personnel, unsafe website and so on and so forth. Bitner et al. (2000) suggests that in the airline industry core factors vary from friendliness of the staff, knowledge about the service, efficiency, and quality service, sanitary and safe environment. But to create differentiation from their competitors these organisations, provide added or enhancing factors and those include concierge service, reservations, seating by host, lounge/ hotel facilities for delayed flights and so on and so forth. Today in the airline industry, companies do offer most of these features but it is noted that the cost increases for a more pleasurable experience. For example, an Air India flight provides cheaper flights just barely meeting the core features, but Emirates for the same route provides expensive flights with a varied extended factors. What companies like Air India could do to provide a better experience would be to remove/ reduce the unsatisfactory experience (upgrading a customer, complimentary meal in case of delayed flights, trained personnel to deal with unhappy customers). 2.2 Shostacks Models Based on Shostacks Continuum, the package tours (Flights+ Hotels) offered by most airlines, form the intangible end, even though there are tangible ends to be considered. Shostack (1977) suggested that there is no element known as a pure service and that there is always a continuum between the tangible dominant goods and intangible dominant services. The airline industry, the tangible elements include the interiors of the flight, food, seat and also the overall graphic continuity from buying tickets to the attendants uniforms (Shostack 1977). Even though the airline industry is intangible dominant, different market segments require different elements to make it an experience for them. Say for example in the case of Virgin airlines they have three tailored traveling experience for three different markets. In the case of students/ backpackers or during bad economic conditions, it is elements such that reaching from one destination to the other or a no frills flight would be of emphasis on the nuclear core (cheap flights+hostels, bed and breakfast) In the case of business travelers, it would be schedule frequency along with comfort would be most important (a comfortable travel+ hotel with internet, office facilities). Lastly for tourists (with families), it would be unison of in-flight and post-flight services (hotels) that would be of paramount importance (Comfortable flight-but not too expensive+hotel near a tourist destination) But in the case of tangible elements the various markets demand differently. For example, for flights like Air Asia, which offers low cost air travel, the travelers are not provided certain tangible elements such as food and drink in-flight. But these airlines just cater to travelers who wish to travel on a limited budget. So the challenge for other firms is to create an experience for each market, so that it would form an experience for each of them as each of their needs differ from another. The challenge is to understand how consumers perceive a certain service and what as a firm they should do to manage and meet the expectations (Lovelock and Gummesson, 2004). Shostack (1977) defined a model that was termed as total market entity where she argues that a change in one element may change the entity on a whole or partial basis. Say for example in an air travel there, it is a unison of both tangible as well as intangible factors. And some tangible factors just act as service elements/evidence. 1. Peripheral evidence: this refers to a tangible factor, which no or little value if it exists on its own. It is part of the service or is required to experience a service. For example a flight ticket, does not mean anything on its own, but is essential for completion of a service. 2. Essential evidence: Consumers do not own these and can exist on its own as its highly dominant in its impact on a service purchase. An example of an essential element provided by Shostack is the DC-10 aircraft, which was involved in a few crashes in the 1970s. But even though all the issues were resolved, US refused to fly in a DC-10 aircraft that eventually led to scrapping them off completely. This model however does not show how a service functions and this is explained using another model by Shostack-Service Blueprinting. It has been developed to deal with processed, acts and flows and in (fig 4), a blueprint for airline travel has been presented under how airlines try to reduce variability 2.3 Service experience Every time a customer is interacting or having a service encounter, a service experience is taking place and because simultaneous production and consumption takes place, the customer mostly experiences the service in the firms physical surroundings (Groove and Risk, 2001). In some cases the level of involvements between the customer and the employees of the organisation is high and in some cases very low and some with no involvement at all. And the nature of physical environment depends on the nature of service as well as service experience. What the firms aim to do is make profit while creating a satisfactory or unique service experience. What determines an experience is also the nature of the physical space. For a high involvement case, (for example, self check-in, lounge services, website) customer satisfaction can be enhanced, by creative use of physical design (Bitner 1992). In the second case, where the employees play a major role, and where customers have less or no contact (cock-pit, cargo personnel) with the service personnel, the physical environment should be to motivate, satisfy the employees, as no or few customers will experience that. In the last case, where there both customers and employees interact in the same environment at the same level (counter check-in), the servicescape is the most complex as it needs to appeal to the customers but at the same time be efficiently motivating the employees (for example, at a check-in the counter needs to look clean and efficient to the customers, but also comfortable for the employee-nice seats, environment). Thus the environment should be neutral to appeal to bot h customers and employees. Other than the physical environment, it is the customer to whom the service is delivered is what is important. Like mentioned earlier, different customer have different needs and it varies based on their gender, age, social status and so on and so forth. For example, a customers needs travelling on business class will vary from that from one travelling in economy class and the service provider needs to meet each of their needs. What normally happens in the airline industry is that the customer travelling on business class is more looked after than the economy class traveller. This would mean that it creates a negative service experience for the traveller. 2.4 Service Quality Service experience is defined by the quality of service provided by the airlines. Based on this service quality, a conceptual model by (Parasuraman et.al 1988), defines the gap between what the customers expect and what is provided. From this model, it can suggested that to create a better service encounter for the customers: Gap1 This represents the void between the perceptions and expectations between the marketer and the consumer. The key is to understand what the customer expects rather than forming a perception of what they might want. Parasuraman et al. (1988) suggests that this void can be filled if sufficient market research is done prior to offering the service. For example, if an airline firm is to find out what a particular target market is looking for, before offering enhanced factors. Gap 2 This refers to the void between what the company perceives and the service quality specifications. For example, low-budget flights like Air Asia advertise that they provide in-flight entertainment, but the quality is limited (all passengers view the same programme on a single television set) Gap 3 This is the void between quality specification and service delivery. For example in the case of few Asian airline companies, the quality of service provided would be accepted by the home nation. But outside the home nation, the quality specification may not be on par with what the customers expect. For example, in India, Kingfisher airlines claims to provide world class travel experience to its customers. Even though the service provided is perceived to be on par with top airlines in India, the quality of service offered is nowhere close to airlines such as Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways etc. Gap 4 This relates to the void between the standard of quality promised and the service delivered. Thai airways has positioned itself has an airline that brings together quality as well as hospitability (Travel with the Thai touch, Smooth as Silk). But what raised issues and led to negative publicity was when their personnel were found to be rude to passengers. This led to a completely contradicting image of what they claim to be to what is delivered. 2.5 Differentiation To create a differentiation from their competitors, airline firms use the Porters Generic Strategy Model (1980): Cost Differentiation Cost Leadership (No Frills) Rynair, EasyJet, AirAsia Differentiation (Premium price for superior quality) Singapore Airlines, Emirates Cost Focus (Differentiation only for a particular target group) Kingfisher Red-low cost Business travel Differentiation Focus (Premium price for superior quality for a small target group) Concorde flights used by BA, Air France A380 flights-Singapore airlines, Qantas, Air France Scope Narrow Broad Fig 1: Porters Generic Model for the airline industry Airlines Pursuing cost leadership strategy Airlines pursuing an integrated strategy (some stuck in between) Airlines unable to achieve either a cost leadership or differentiation strategy Airlines pursuing a differentiation strategy High Fares Low Fares Low Service Level High Service Level Fig 2: Airlines Realized Business strategies (adapted from Dostaler, Flouris 2004) Using Fig 1 and fig 2, Porters Generic strategy can be explained as: Cost Leadership Cost leadership refers to gaining competitive advantage and giving your company an edge over the others. This can be attained in two ways: Firstly increasing profits by reducing costs. Secondly increasing market share by charging low prices. Airlines such as Air Asian, Rynair have chose to cut costs to a minimum, thus enabling to charge the customers low prices. This tactic helped them gain market share, and also have all their flights fully booked, which leads to further reduction in cost. But where they did compromise in on the in-flight and other services. For example, these airlines do not even provide water in the flight; one is expected to buy them, free seating etc helps them price their tickets low. Smaller airlines even provide just few routes at cheaper prices than their international rivals. But the risk if when competitors follow suit and hence firms should look for means to continuously reduce costs. Differentiation Strategy This involves making ones service different and more unique. This could be achieved by airlines in terms of their airplane types, costs, brand image etc. Singapore Airlines, Emirates have portrayed this image of making travel an experience with their superior quality. But as Porter (1980) argues that for a company using differentiation strategy, they would incur additional costs for research, development, innovation as well as advertising, which are normally recovered from the customers. Focus Strategy Airlines using focus strategy focus on a niche market and this could be a unique low cost airline for a target group or high-end price for another target group. For example, the A380 airplanes used by Singapore Airlines and Emirates charge a premium price of  £3600 for Business Class travel on Emirates from Heathrow to Dubai. So this is for the target group who like to travel with a lap of luxury with pool tables, spas, Internet, lounge area etc during their flight of less than 7 hours. There is very less competition in markets where focus strategies are used. But the risk is when the niche will disappear and when the business and customer preferences change over time. 2.6 VARIABILITY OF SERVICES One other feature of services marketing is its heterogynous nature and organisations strive to reduce the variability that would lead to building a strong brand. The aim is to communicate a persistent image and message to its customers at different places and different times. Service Variability can take place in different ways. Variations in external Conditions -weather, crowding and differences in service locations Variations in service delivery- customer interactions with employees Variations in customer perception-customers perception of a service may differ from place to place and with time too The figure below shows the causes and consequences of service variability in any organisation. High Level of perceived risk for buyers Difficulty in presenting an image of consistent quality Difficulty in developing strong brands Services are produced live Often leads to no chance to correct mistakes before consumption Often reliant on imperfect human inputs May be difficult to blueprint the service Variability of Service Fig 3 : Cause and Consequences of Service Variability The issue of variability leads to difficulty in attaining a uniform output especially in services that require a lot of human interaction. Say for example, we still have not developed technology to eliminate the need of humans completely. Airlines do not use robots to replace the human cabin crews as one human interaction is essential and secondly some technologies are too expensive to adopt suggest that behavior varies not only amongst different employees but also amongst the same employee on different days and with different customers (Lovelock 1983). And even though scripting and blueprinting is used to reduce variability, it still has its demerits. To provide a good service as well create an experience for the customer and to ensure reduced service variability, the airlines use the following techniques: 1. Employee Training As employees are part of any service provided, most airline firms have a rigorous selection and training process. For example, Singapore Airlines hires staff who fit in with the Singapore Girl image and portray the same values as the firm does. Firms who invest a lot in selection and training process mostly offer higher quality service than others. Air India does not provide constant training to its staff and hence issues arise when the staffs do not communicate a coherent message. Staff hired should be able to empathise with the customers as well as trained to deal with different types of unsatisfied customers. Also it is taken care to see that the staff matches the cultural differences of the country they are based in. 2. Scripting Most airlines have pre-determined scripts for each type of service encounter, which consists of either verbal responses or series of actions. The usage of verbal scripts is common while booking a ticket or enquiring about a service. Like for example, when a customer calls a call centre for a query, they normally have a script, which goes by: Good morning, Thank you for calling Malaysian Airlines. My name is Ben and how may I help you? Similarly a scripted message is used after a call or as an apology. In the case of scripted actions, it would how all cabin crews, follow the same actions once passengers are in the flight. All messages and actions are scripted so as to ensure a coherent image, message as well to ensure that the information is communicated at all times. But this has its limitations in terms of how at times personnel feel restricted from offering superior service based on their judgement. 3. Blueprinting Shostack (1982) suggested that blueprinting allows quantitative description of critical service elements, such as logical sequences of actions and processes, time that happen at a place of service delivery. It also defines actions for the place of interaction (front-line) as well for events taking place beyond the line of visibility. (Zeithaml, Bitner et al. 2006) define service blueprinting as a tool for simultaneously depicting the service process, the points of customer contact, and the evidence of the service from the customers point of view. With this description, the authors emphasise the different systemic layers overlapping in a service, from the layer of customer interaction and physical evidence to the layer of internal interaction within the service production process. The figure 4 below shows a service blueprinting for an air travel. Fig 4: Blueprinting for Air Travel Airport exterior Parking Baggage claim Seats Gift shops. Toilets Terminal Food/beverage Magazines Airplane Seats Gift shops. Toilets Terminal X-ray machine Metal detector Conveyor belt Computer/ credit card Desk Ticket Terminal Airport exterior Parking Online/ website Mechanic Check plane Metal detector Conveyor belt Conveyor belt Remove bags Pilot Serve customer Greet customer Send off customer Load bags on plane Check Passenger Greet take bags Registration Leave airport Pick up luggage Immigration Exit plane Fly Board plane Check in Wait at gate Security check Arrive at airport Reservation Support Process Contact Person Backstage Onstage Customer Physical Evidence 4. Quality Audits This is done to monitor the consistent quality provided by the airlines. Ground service analysis covers ticketing, check-in, security, lounges, boarding, departures, transfer, arrivals, and corporate branding. Onboard service analysis is a detailed and complex Qualitative evaluation of all product and service delivery elements core product standards, service efficiency and critical factors of staff service delivery. IATA carries out frequent safety audits. 5. Quality Awards Airlines often advertise the awards they have received for their superior quality. These awards are recognized worldwide and ensure that these airlines provide world-class travel experience for their travelers. For example, in 2009, Singapore Airlines was awarded the Airline of the Year award for its superior quality and safety. These information may not be too relevant for the customers, it just adds enough publicity to make consumers realize how one offers superior service than another thus prompting them to try these airlines on their next travel. 6. Service Recovery However thorough an airline is on its quality and service provided, there would still be occasional glitches. And a feature of any service is its heterogeneous nature, where each service encounter is different from another one. Berry (1995) argues that companies do not empower front line employees to solve problems immediately. A service failure does not automatically lead to a lost customer. But once an issue is identified, if it is dealt with promptly and the right actions are taken to ensure that the customer is satisfied, then it mostly would not lead to a lost customer. But in case of a major issue, the customer might seek financial compensation. 7. Customer Retention Parasuraman et al. (1985) suggests that even though there is a positive relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, above a certain level, additional improvements in quality do not have further impact on customer retention as there is no point in increasing quality costs if it cannot be passed down to the customers. The variability of services poses a high threat when it comes to brand building, but since humans are an integral part and cannot be eliminated completely, steps are taken to provide better training, motivate and encourage employees as they all form part of the service encounter. As Lovelock and Gummesson (2004) suggests that performance is less variable when machine-intensive technologies are used. So as to reduce the consequences of service variability, airline industries have adopted the use of technology so as to reduce if not eliminate the factor of human error. These include: Use of computerised system instead of telephone operators. Use of self-check in Kiosks at airports, mobile check-in (SSTs-Self Service Terminals) Using website to book or amend tickets. The other dimension of variability is the extent to which a service can be altered to meet the demand of individual customers. Services that are manufactured for a large number of customers are difficult to be customised like in the case of air travel, but can be customised in particular areas. For Example scheduled airline service is highly standardized in design but offers modules for customizing specific elements, such as alternative schedules; service to or from different airports in the same metropolitan area; different classes and prices; seat location; and a selection of drinks, food, and other amenities. But with the evolution of technology, industries especially the airlines are adopting technology as far as possible as with rising competition there is no room for error. But not using humans at all is impossible. So as Jim Collins said: people are your most important asset is wrong. The right people are your most important asset. REFERNCES Berry, Leonard L. (1983), Relationship Marketing, in L.L. Berry, G.L. Shostack, and G.D. Upah Emerging Perspectives on Services Marketing. Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 25-28. Bitner, M. J. (1992), Servicescapes: The impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees Journal of Marketing. Vol. 56, pp. 57-71. Bitner, M., Brown, S.W., and Meuter, M. L. (2000). Technology Infusion in Service Encounters Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Vol. 28, No.1, pp. 138-149. Dostaler, I. and Floris, T. (2004). Business Strategy and Competition for the Future in the Airline Industry. Airline Magazine. No. 28, pp. 1-4. Harris, K.J., Bojanic, D., and Cannon, D. (2003). Service Encounters and Service Bias: A Preliminary Investigation Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 272-290. Groove, S and Risk, R. (2001), Service theatre: An analytical framework for services marketing in Lovelock and Writz (2004) pp. 78-87. Lovelock. C (1983) Classifying Services to Gain Strategic Marketing Insights, Journal of Marketing, Vol.47, pp. 9-20. Lovelock, C. and Wirtz, W. (2004), Services Marketing, People, Technology, Strategy, USA, Pearson Prentice Hall Lovelock, C., and Gummesson, E., (2004). Wither Services Marketing? In Search of a New Paradigm and Fresh Perspectives. Journal of Services Research. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 20-44. Parasuraman, A., Valarie A. Z., and Leonard L. B. (1985), A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research, Journal of Marketing,Vol. 49, pp. 41-50. Parasuraman. A, Zeithaml. V., and Berry. L. (1988), SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing. Vol. 64, No.1, pp. 12-40. Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York, NY: Free Press. Shostack, G.L (1977). Breaking free from Product Marketing Journal of Marketing. Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 73-80. Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J. (2006). Services Marketing : Integrating Customer Focus across the Firm. Boston, McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

The Consequences of Epilepsy Essay -- Epileptic Epilepsy Seizures Essa

The Consequences of Epilepsy Epilepsy: Any of various neurological disorders characterized by sudden recurring attacks of motor, sensory, or psychic malfunction with or without loss of consciousness or convulsive seizures (1). Is epilepsy a purely physical phenomenon? The question is a complicated one. Put simply, the answer should be yes. The psychological trauma sometimes caused by the seizures, however, makes the answer more complex, along with a more troubling trend. In years past epileptics were classed among the mentally ill, and received the same maltreatment as did that unfortunate group of people. Before that they were perceived as having been possessed by evil spirits. But now, in the modern world, we are free of those ignorant superstitions. Aren't we? Scientifically, epilepsy is the term under which many seizure disorders are grouped. There are four basic types of seizures: petit mal, tonic-clonic (grand mal), simple partial, and complex partial (2). While petit mal seizures consist merely of a short period of immobility and blank staring, occasionally accompanied by brief loss of awareness, tonic-clonic seizures are much more dramatic (2). Also called grand mal seizures, they involve whole-body muscle contractions, loss of consciousness, temporary cessation of breathing, and involuntary biting of the tongue or cheek (2). The simple and complex partial seizures are calmer; the simple includes muscle contractions of a specific part, abnormal sensations, nausea, sweating, flushed skin, and dilated pupils. The complex partial seizure consists of all these symptoms as well as automatism (repeated motions), inappropriate emotions, changes in personality, altered consciousness, and hallucinations o... ...ation, a page discussing the civil rights arguments put forth by various groups of people with epilepsy http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/advocacy/rights/disability.html?print=yes 9)The Epilepsy Foundation, a page dealing with the secondary problems caused by epilepsy http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/answerplace/living/coping.html?print=yes 10)The World Health Organization, a webpage detailing the struggles of people with epilepsy in developing countries http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en/ 11)The Epilepsy Foundation, a page discussing the impact of epilepsy on the mental health of the patient in both a short-term and long-term context http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/clinicalcare/treatment/mentalhealth2.html 12)The Epilepsy Foundation, an article discussing epilepsy as a cause of death http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/epusa/silent.html

The American Presidency: Evolution in Time Essay -- American History P

The American Presidency: Evolution in Time The American Presidency is undoubtedly one of the most widely recognized popular icons throughout the world. Although to most foreigners or those who have never resided in the United States or know little of its history, the executive branch of government may seem to be as dull and unyielding as the rest of the American politics, for those few rare individuals who have taken the time to examine and closely scrutinize this office of the American political system and its recent history, quite the opposite will be said. Unlike Congressional or local elections where typically a number of individuals of the same ideological background must be elected in order for a particular issue to be addressed by the government, when it comes to the presidency, one person, although checked by various other divisions of the same government, has the power and responsibility to literally, as history has proven, change the world. The American people, "like all people everywhere, want to have our (pol itical) cake and eat it too. We want a lot of leadership, but we are notoriously lousy followers" (Genovese). In other words the expectations the public has of the executive office are ever-changing since we demand that our leaders keep up with the evolving world around us and them. Throughout the past seventy eventful years alone, the American people's views, perceptions and demands of the Executive Office of American government have evolved simultaneously with the political and social events of that same time period. The 1930s was a time of not only political turmoil abroad, but of economic chaos on the home-front as well. After President Herbert C. Hoover's Presidency took the blame for launching the ... ...atter? The Role of Charisma in Public Leadership." Congress & the Presidency 29 (2002): 25-47. Genovese A., Michael. "'What Have You Done For Me Lately?: The Demands Placed On The American Presidency.' National Forum 80 (2000): 30-40. Iyengar, Shanto. "Public Opinion." 10 Nov. 2004 <http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=023 82400&templatename=/article/article.ht ml > Rosen A., Elliot. "Roosevelt, Franklin Delano." 10 Nov. 2004 <http: //ap. grolier. com/article?assetid=02501700&templatename=/article/article.ht ml > Saltzman, Joe. "All the News that Fits Our Views." USA Today Sept. 25, 2004: 55. Shea, Christopher. "Americans More United in Social Views." The Chronicle of Higher Education 43 (1997): A18. Weinstein, Michael A., Weinstein, Deena. "Hail to the Shrub: Mediating the Presidency." The American Behavioral Scientist 46 (2002): 566-581.

The Effects of Hallucinogenic Drugs on The Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Effects of Hallucinogenic Drugs on The Brain Hallucinnogenic Drugs alter a person's perceptions of reality and may cause hallucinations and other alterations of the senses. Drugs classified as hallucinogens include: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetime(DOM), N,N-dimethyltrptamine(DMT), psilocin, and mescaline. There are two aspects of these drugs that classify then as hallucinogens. They all have common side effects, including distortion of sensory perception, and other psychic and somatic effects. These drugs also exhibit cross-tolerance. This means that a user of hallucinogenic drugs develops a higher tolerance to hallucinogens, the more they are used and the shorter the time span is between the last usage. Hallucinogenic drugs have been used throughout history for a number of reasons. They have been used as medicinal agents as well as having served religious purposes. Hallucinogens such as mescaline have been used in Native American ritual ceremonies. There was extensive usage of hallucinogens in the 60's and 70's as part of the counter- culture hippie movement. During the "acid tests" of this era, hallucinogenic drugs were used for mind exploration (B.L. Jacobs, "How Hallucinogenic Drugs Work"). Hallucinogenic drugs cause both physical and psychological effects on humans. The physical effects of these drugs include: dilated pupils, elevated body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, appetite loss, sleeplessness, tremors, headaches, nausea, sweating, heart palpitations, blurring of vision, memory loss, trembling, and itching. A user of hallucinogenic drugs will also experience a number of psychological alterations in the brain. These drugs may cause hallucinations and illusions as well, as the amplification of sense, and the alterations of thinking and self-awareness. It is quite possible to have a bad reaction to hallucinogenic drugs. This is referred to as a "bad trip" and may cause panic, confusion, suspicion, anxiety, and loss of control. The long-term effects of these drugs can be quite dangerous. These long-term effects may include: flashbacks, mood swings, impaired thinking, unexpected outbursts of violence and eventually possibly depression that may le ad to death or suicide. Quite a lot of interest concerning hallucinogens has been generated by neurobiologists and other scientists. The effects that hallucinogenic drugs have on the brain are quite complicated and very interesting. Many users of hallucinogenic drugs have experienced whole personality changes which raises questions about the relationship between brain and behavior. Scientists are also curious as to how total alterations of the senses can occur as the result of hallucinogen usage.

Reaction Paper: the Exorcism of Emily Rose

THE EXORCISM OF EMILY ROSE REACTION PAPER Many years ago, there was part of history in Heaven, where angels fought against God. The war broke out after one angel, named Lucifer the light bearer, became envious about God’s power. Lucifer gathered his own army of angels. The battle led into an extermination of distrustful angels in heaven. Lucifer was defeated by Michael, God’s Archangel. The fallen angels of Lucifer fell on earth and Lucifer was banished by God into a place where he could never do anything evil in Heaven. Lucifer roams on earth in another name, called Satan, the prince of darkness.In the movie, The Exorcism of Emily Rose, there was a big misunderstanding about the death of a certain girl, named Emily Rose. The movie started when Emily was found dead. More stories about the life of Emily were just flashed back in the trial court. In the scene, Fr. Richard Moore was charged of negligent homicide after doing the rite of exorcism. Experts in the field of psy chology, neurology and medicine were called to explain the causes of Emily’s death. Most of the experts said and agreed that Emily was suffering from epilepsy and psychosis. Some experts stated that Fr.Moore’s advice led to the death of Emily Rose. As a justification about the movie, I believe that Emily’s death was caused by demonic possession. Her actions were not the results, caused by epilepsy and psychosis. With her actions narrated by some citizen who knew her, I believe that she was truly possessed by demons. Some said that her actions were inhumane and scary. As what was Fr. Richard Moore was telling, he witnessed that Emily’s actions and movements were manipulated by some evil forces surrounding her. One who is being possessed shows the symptoms of uncontrollable strength raging from the victim’s body.Some people who were possessed had more than one demon possessing them. That is why the possessed are strong and scary. Only the power of Go d through the use of his servants can extract demonic possession. As what I believe of being a Christian, I believe that those people who have less faith will easily fall in Satan’s hands. To avoid such incident, we must know how to pray to God. We must not rely on our own human nature, for it has no match against Satan’s dark powers. We must try to live in accordance to God’s will for he alone knows what is right and wrong.

Analisys Short Film Signs Essay

A. PLOT 1. Setting- In the actuality, Australia in their work office, train or public bus, room in his house, public road and a park. 2. Mood- humurous 3. Protagonist- Jason * Physical attributes- 25-30 years, white an Australian race, good looking and elegant man. * Social attributes- educated, professional, single 4. Conflict- One person against himself. 5. Rising Action- The moment when Jason glances at Tracey through the window of his office 6. Turning point- There are many turning points. * When she confesses the secret that she is watching first. * Climax- When he wants to meet with her, but he have fear to invite her to the first date. 7. Resolution- When they first meet. B. Symbolism C. Obviously all the short film is a symbolism because they express their feelings by signs Irony * Situational Irony ‘’So close and so far’’. The venue is the space between the two buildings. There is a discrepancy because he is suffering for her and he can cross the street, go to the building and ask for her. D. Poetic Justice * No found in this short film. E. Foreshadowing * Musical – The film has no dialog between the two main characters, just a soundtrack. Changes in the melody line and great track at the end of movie; in this case the music shows us the emotions of the protagonists. F. Thesis  Where do you find love? If we knew, we would all know where to look.  Sometimes all you need is a sign G. Improving the story and the movie  * What scenes would you add? A scene with the life of her for knows what kind of people she is. * What scenes you leave out? Modify? I will not modify any scene. * How would you modify the setting, the protagonist, the other characters, the dialogue? No modify * How would you change camera angles in different scenes? Yes, in a part to see what she sees. * Other changes?  I would change all the final part. The scene would be a perfect romantic encounter.

Rosetta Stone

Ensure your computer is NOT hooked to the internet. If you have PowerISO, or a similar utility, skip to step 3 Step 1 -Install Power ISO Step 2 -Run Power ISO and click to continue unregistered. -Choose the large icon â€Å"mount† >> â€Å"set Number of drives† >> â€Å"1 drives† Step 3 -Mount: â€Å"The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 0. 35† Step 4 -Navigate to My Computer if The Rosetta Stone does not automatically load -Double Click on â€Å"RS_App† -Follow Install Instruction -Launch â€Å"Rosetta Stone V3† -DO NOT Check for updates -Quit Rosetta StoneStep 5 -Delete a file called tracking. db3 -Location: For XP users -> C: >> Document and Settings >> All Users >> Application Data For Vista Users -> C: >> Program Data >> The Rosetta Stone -If any of these folders are hidden in Vista, choose: organize >> folder and Search options >> view >> show hidden files and folders -If any of t hese folders are hidden in XP, right click where the missing folder is and choose: folder options >> view >> show hidden files and folders Step 6 -Run Rosetta Stone -DO NOT Check for updates -Quit Rosetta StoneStep 7 -Install The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 0. 57 (Update 1) – -Follow installation instructions -DO NOT update Step 8 -Install The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 (Update 2) -Follow installation instructions -DO NOT update Step 9 -Right Click on The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 Patch -choose â€Å"copy† -paste in the Rosetta Stone Directory at C:Program FilesRosetta StoneRosetta Stone V3 -double click on The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 Patch -A pop up will appear and say: â€Å"Activation area replaced with â€Å"minor error†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Click ‘OK' enjoy :)† -click on â€Å"Patch† Step10 Install Laguage Files by: -Run The Rosetta Stone choose: install Language -navigate to the Rosetta Stone Content Folder -right click on th e first language to be installed >> â€Å"Power ISO† >> â€Å"mount image to Drive []† -click â€Å"ok† at the Rosetta Stone Istallation screen -follow Rosetta Stone installation Instrutions -at completion, choose â€Å"continue† -choose DO NOT UPDATE -choose NEVER when prompted to register the software -click â€Å"OK† when an 2002 error pops up Step 11 -Install further language files by following the procedures in step 10 after selecting to install another language A Reminder: NEVER NEVER NEVER Update this software for any reason. Enjoy! qwerqwefqwerq

Using opnet, investigation of qos in ip over atm and ip over mpls networks

1. Current SituationMajor advancement has been made to suggest webs with the installation to guarantee the QoS for the existent clip informations. As there are job like, end-to-end hold and hold jitter are typically introduces due to random line uping in the web routers. During the current old ages existent clip applications for case, picture cyclosis, synergistic games and voice over IP have turn out to be progressively well-liked among computing machine users. These applications are normally delay responsive and typically requires superior interventions in order to satisfy a needful degree of Quality of Services ( QoS ) bounds.Literature Reappraisal:[ 1 ] Due to its detonation into concern, there is better every bit good as extra imperative demand for ISPs ( Internet Service Providers ) industry to be capable to offer and every bit good keep QoS. Equally far as ATM is concerned it gives a enriched set of QoS means with a extended scope of service classs. However, QoS form which pre sents a really good control over the traffic parametric quantities demanded and managed. In add-on, most of the ISPs are already utilizing ATM in their backend webs. But there are certain jobs which I will further discourse in interim study. The purpose of this thesis is to do a comparing and to happen out which web is better sing QoS mechanisms to ease the proposed for IP. Battaglia and Kiilat [ 2 ] However, MPLS is chiefly known as Multiprotocol Label shift every bit good as it is basically a strategy that work outs to send on packages professionally and accordingly quickly. With the transition of clip, to better the quality of MPLS a heading is to the full dedicated to work between the layer2 and layer3 heading is formulated. MPLS competent routers instantly look at this heading in doing to send on the determination. MPLS is able to back up spheres, hierarchal routing and be capable to be used for burrowing intent. Domain restrictions are described by bounds of a router which inserts the suited label onto a stack, which is eliminated with the aid of boundary router. A path can be peculiarly specified by a router. During burrowing the entree of Label Switched Router describes the whole Label Switched Path all the manner through the tunnel. Gnauck IP and ATM are considered as complimentary someway competitory. IP has increased prevailing credence and is here to remain as a hereafter engineering. On the other manus, its unworldly structural design that allowed in accomplishing its irrefutable point is the major defects that there are research groups are seeking to turn to this issue. As a affair of fact, QoS is one such important failing of IP. Nonetheless, ATM boasts of a structural design which has relatively complicated techniques of supplying QoS. Conversely, another of import fact is cost, inactiveness and trouble, ATM did non carry through its touted aeriform place. Chris At the same clip as ATM claims to supply QoS confidences, it yet can non make anything above bed 2. This portrays that every bed 3 flows as a consequence, have been combined jointly can non be distinguished by ATM, and as a consequence they all end up disputing each other and an extra for the similar resources. Therefore, there is desirable a manner to set into pattern that helps in commanding traffic control, every bit good as this is most magnificently ended in the bed Myungsik QoS tremendously in the Internet is issue that has been reasonably acquiring some critical concentration from the networking community every bit good companies. The most well-liked 1s heading for dependability at the present are DiffServ and InterServ which assures to give QoS, possibly end-to-end in IP. Despite the fact that, prosecuting in the effort to even out the proficient demands are in a province of fluctuation and developing. Alternatively, of networking field ATM is puting up for itself a place, in the ISP anchors in add-on to these parts the web applied scientists are troubled with the interoperability of IP over ATM. Whereas, this has been complete reasonably much done, the confronts recline in doing successful usage of the intrinsic potency of QoS mechanisms in ATM in a status every bit shortly as running IP on top. This type of steps steps, entirely Intserv and DiffServ and MPLS-DiffServ sing ATM must be good thought-out beside with the aid of interoperation pr ocedure of signaling protocol RSVP. Problems that have been addressed and topen issues are discussed in this literature reappraisal.2. Problem AreasIP out ATM is now extensively deployed and successfully work outing the job of cyberspace working, interoperability and aid in cut downing end-to-end hold job. Now, I am seeking to screen out all the issues and jobs presently in QoS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS Networks. For case,How to cut down end-to-end holds? How to efficaciously better the multimedia traffics? To look into which 1 is better attack QOS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS webs? To look into the hereafter secure web? Comparison between QOS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS webs? Which technique is better for multimedia traffic? In existent state of affairss in the field country there are diverse obstructions to ease the consequence of transmittal of signal. I am besides analyzing about how to prove the impact of obstructions in OPNET.3. Key Work during the Following Time periodI will finish my first three aims before to subject interim study. I will besides plan a MANET scenario to prove the public presentation of routing protocols when mobility addition and lessening.To happen out major differences between QOS in IP over ATM and IP over MPLS websPreliminary background of major jobs in both websTheoretical analysis, contrast and classification of the techniques used by both websAs a consequence, to happen out most first-class simulation techniques and rules involved in transporting out patterning. To happen out which web is better. To see simulation tools used in proving stage.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Law - Essay Example the UK government was in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights; the Grand Chamber of the European Court dismissed the appeal of the British government in October 2005. But as of June 2006 there has been no revision in UK law on the issue.3 Once the European Court of Human Rights ultimately rejected the British government’s inexcusable appeal in the John Hirst’s case they granted the New Labour Government with a rare and genuine opportunity to implement their much proclaimed policy of political and social inclusion.4 Until Hirst’s case, whenever any person in the United Kingdom is sentenced to imprisonment they sacrificed more than their rights or freedom. They also sacrificed their right to vote and along with it their position as citizens. Convicts remain the last primary group to be prohibited from the electorate.5 Consequently their welfare is mostly overlooked and politicians have little motivation to pay comprehensive and knowledgeable attention in penal policy.6 The electoral disentitlement of inmates is a remnant of the nineteenth century which plays no contemporary role and which is in conflict with the declared commitment of the government to social and political inclusion.7 Sentenced inmates in the UK have been stripped of their right to vote ever since the Forfeiture Act of 1870, immediately after the vote was bestowed upon multitudes of working class men in urban areas and after transportation was closed down as a court ruling.8 The forfeiture was brought in by a privileged class resolute to shun impoverished offenders away from the ballot box. In the past, the moving of lawbreakers and a quite controlled authorisation had implied that right to vote for inmates had never been a problem.9 The beginnings of the electoral banning of inmates can be traced back from the ancient concept of ‘civic death’, a sentence involving the forfeiture of citizenship rights.10 The prohibition reveals outdated and negative concepts of social

White Collar Crime. Ponzi Schemes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White Collar Crime. Ponzi Schemes - Essay Example Essentially, the newer set of investors is made to finance the dividend earnings of earlier investors. Other than this, there is no other income from the investment such that the scheme eventually cracks as not enough investors are generated to support the dividend earnings of earlier investors. Victims lose money and the perpetrator of the ponzi attempts to run away from the scene of the crime. In the United States, there are laws against the ponzi and recovery of assets or some of the assets is possible. Ponzi Schemes According to the National Check Fraud Center (2011) based in South Carolina, the Ponzi scheme is one of the 22 white-collar crimes that schemes. In addition to the white-collar schemes are 22 white-collar crimes. The 22 white-collar crimes include bank fraud, blackmail, bribery, cellular phone fraud, computer fraud, counterfeiting, credit card fraud, currency scheme, embezzlement, environmental scheme, extortion, forgery, health care fraud, insider trading, insurance fraud, investment scheme, kickback, larceny/theft, money laundering, securities fraud, and tax evasion (National Fraud Center, 2011). On the other hand, the white-collar schemes include advanced fee schemes, airport scams, auto repair schemes, check kiting, coupon redemption, directory advertising, fortune telling, gypsies, home improvement, inferior equipment, Jamaican Switch, land fraud, odometer fraud, pigeon drop, police impersonation, ponzi, pyramid, quick change, shell game, utilities impersonation, VCR scam, and West African investment scam (National Fraud Center, 2011). The ponzi scheme is a type of an investment â€Å"where the actor solicits investors in a business venture, promising extremely high financial returns or dividends in a very short period of time† (National Fraud Center, 2011). The perpetrator in the ponzi scheme usually promises high returns simultaneous with a claim of zero or little risks on the investment (Securities and Exchange Commission, 2011). In many ponzi schemes, the perpetrator focuses on attracting new money from earlier investors so he can build credibility and entice more victims to make an investment (Securities and Exchange Commission, 2011). In the ponzi scheme, the actor or the criminal does not invest the money but pays dividends from the investments of new investors (National Fraud Center, 2011). As the initial investors are pleased with the payment of dividends, the initial investors bring in new investors from which payments for the dividends of the earlier investors are derived. (National Fraud Center, 2011). The ponzi scheme pays dividends from the investment funds of earlier investors but the scheme surely falls apart when the perpetrator no longer has sufficient investors from which to pay dividends for the earlier investors (National Fraud Center, 2011). When payments to the dividends of earlier investors are no longer possible from the investments of new investors, the perpetrator takes all the money and leaves his or her ponzi area (National Fraud Center, 2011). Ponzi schemes collapse because it is unable to consistently derive money from new investments (Securities and Exchange Commission, 2011). According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (2011), the ponzi scheme generally falls apart because sufficient investors cannot be found to allow the continuous payments of dividends. The scheme obtained the name from Charles Ponzi of Boston, Massachussetts in the early 1900s who launched a scheme that guaranteed 50 percent profit (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2011). The promise of 50% returns was only for 90 days (Securities and E

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL MANAGEMENT Essay - 2

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES - Essay Example nd the changing role of management throughout the decades but also to appropriately evaluate its importance for the improvement of the employees’ and the firm’s performance. At a first level, it should be noticed that there are no standards regarding the principles accepted by organizations around the world in order to regulate their internal and external relations. For this reason, the assumptions made by researchers in the relevant field are not quite the same; they are rather differentiated in accordance with the firms’ needs, their culture and mission but also the social and cultural characteristics of the market involved. Towards this direction, Hennestad (1990) refers to a common inter-organizational phenomenon, the ‘double – bind’, which refers to the relationship between the employees and the management within a particular organization in which the managers’ guidelines are not clear but they rather lead to different assumptions and directions (always referring to employees’ obligations within a specific organization). In this context, it is noticed by Hennestad (1990, 265) that ‘members of an organi zation are supposedly led, but very often they do not see the way; on the contrary, they are exposed to conflicting management signals and caught in double bind situations; double bind connotes a situation where conflicting messages occur, but where it is vitally important to discern what message is being communicated, and where the individual is unable to comment upon the ambiguity; the result is that the individual is not capable of meta communication and thus incapable of learning about the situation’. In accordance with the above view, the incompetence of a firm’s employees to respond to the needs of a particular situation could be related with the incompetence of the firm’s managers to provide accurate and clear guidelines and directions on a specific issue. As for employees, their efforts to participate actively on all the

CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and Its Practical Use Essay

CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and Its Practical Use - Essay Example It is carried out through a properly designed and professional model that does not require to be completely renewed on a case by case basis. It has, therefore, met the requirements of the Asset Management industry in which the capacity to correctly price securities, and to properly infer the right rate of return. These are used to determine traditional and innovative alternative assets and provide all qualities that can make possible for a portfolio manager to gain an early lead over competitors (Brigham and Houston). The model, from a technical perspective, has been based on the works of Dr Harry Markowitz, a widely renowned professional and researcher who had been able to conduct important studies and researches in the field of diversification and of modern portfolio theory. According to his studies, some fundamental proven hypotheses can be synthesized as follows: Harry Markowitz, Nobel Prizer, investigated the effects of correlation rates and of diversification policies and strat egies. As a result, he found that diversification in this sense, when correctly computed and carried out, can reduce and minimize the risk of a portfolio, together with an improvement of its required rate of returns. In this perspective, a Markowitz Efficient Portfolio has been defined as the portfolio where no added diversification can lower its risk for a given return expectation. In this sense, the ability to properly synthesize the main portfolio requirements is needed in order for a portfolio manager to meet the expectations and to reach the highest expected return. Once this efficient portfolio and its relative asset allocation is reached, no investor can minimize the risk further, and any departure from this allocation is perceived as something that impairs the risk level, and any asset added to the portfolio in this sense increases the risk level of the portfolio. An accurate selection of the most efficient portfolio, hence, can be reached through the analysis of the various possible portfolios of the given securities in the light of their degree of diversification. Dr Harry Markovitz also developed and implemented the so called â€Å"efficient frontier†, which represents the total and integral selection of the most efficient portfolios, analyzed on a risk return perspective. Under this view, the portfolios of assets that compose the efficient frontier are the ones that maximize return levels for certain given amounts of volatility (defined as risk). In this perspective, Harry Markowitz developed a mean Variance model that maximizes returns for given risk levels; the major assumptions of the model are the following: Investors tend to be rational Investors can easily determine the set of efficient portfolios highlighted above and can maximize their returns for a given level of risk There is a single period investment, as compulsory one for the analysis Risk of a portfolio is highly dependent on the variability of returns An investor prefers to in crease the consumption Investors are risk averse by their nature The utility function of investors has a concave shape Major technical aspects of this model make possible to infer some major behavioral characteristic: firstly, investors prefer to retain a portfolio with lower risk, for a given return level. In addition to this, for a given risk (and volatility) level, investors tend to prefer portfolios with higher returns (Markowitz). Investors can be defined as risk averse when their expressed main priority is to minimize risk, and therefore, choose portfolios with lower risk. While, on the other side they are believed to be rational when they prefer asset

LEADERSHIP MAN MANGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEADERSHIP MAN MANGEMENT - Essay Example Quality is one of the most valuable assets that any organization can have. Good quality is achieved when all departments are focused on a similar goal and at the same time not affecting the flow of the current system. To achieve this change, a procedural way is applied moderately to alter how nurses run their daily activities. Human resource managers must ensure that they recruit only those who meet the set requirements. They should also ensure that the staff is enough to handle the expected cases and that their working conditions are appropriate. Quality improvement will be achieved if nurses, departmental leaders and external organizations join in a forum to discuss and enlighten each other. For leadership to run smoothly then it means that all the departments will have to work tirelessly hand in hand so that the outcome can be of professional standards (Galvin, 2001). We carried out a project at Mt Ascutney Hospital and Health Center’s (MAHHC’s). The objectives were to enhance access and continuity of care, identify and manage patient population, ensure that there is self-care support, as well as to track, manage, care, measure and improve performance. Here, we had to set a network that could connect all beneficiaries of the health care. One of the networks that is still effective is the Windsor Area Community Partnership. The project taught us that any successful organization must have an effective communication network. Through this interaction, we realized that the quality of services offered had greatly improved and also become simplified. National Patient Safety Goals are set to ensure the safety of patients in hospitals. In order to avoid wrong-patient errors, hospitals ought to use two or more identifiers when referring to patients records and medication. This can be done while booking the patient into the hospital. For instance, patient identification records should be meticulous as there is no room for errors. At my firm, we

Bankruptcy of Companies in Qatar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bankruptcy of Companies in Qatar - Assignment Example Despite this, there is a well laid-down framework that governs the insolvency and subsequent liquidation of companies in Qatar. These rules and regulations mainly anchor on Chapter 10 of the Qatar Commercial Companies Law, Law No.5 of 2002. This legal regime in Qatar resembles the one that governs bankruptcy and insolvency in the United Arab Emirates. The only difference is that the Qatar regime lacks the provision that gives shareholders, with more than 25 per cent of the company’s shares, the right to declare the company bankrupt. This is usually a provision when a company suffers capital losses amounting to more than 75 per cent of its capital turnover. Instead, the provisions of Article 290 of the Qatari Code stipulate that if a limited liability company suffers losses amounting to equivalent of 50 per cent of the company’s capital, the directors of the company are expected to consider dissolving the company. Failure to institute a dissolution procedure makes the di rectors solely responsible for any further losses that may accrue from the company’s failure, to meet its legal obligations. According to (Latham & Watkins 2011), the legal framework that governs the application for dissolution of a company in Qatar still resembles that of the United Arab Emirates. ... There may be other circumstances such as the expiry of the term of the company as noted in the constitution of the company. A merger between two companies may also require the liquidation of the companies as per the constitutional terms. Dissolution due to bankruptcy materializes when a company incurs losses amounting to more than 50 per cent of the company’s financial capital. In such circumstances, the company directors are required to convene an extraordinary general meeting in order for the shareholders to make a determination on whether to dissolve the company. In cases where the board fails to convene the general meeting or where the general assembly fails to reach a general resolution pertaining to the dissolution of the company, any interested shareholder may initiate legal proceedings for the dissolution of the company as stipulated in Article 285 of the Company’s Law. The meeting of the general assembly is at liberty to dissolve the company if a majority of th e shareholders support the resolution to dissolve the company. Similarly, dissolution may be initiated by any shareholder with more than 25 per cent of the company’s shareholding. However, this only applies when the company returns a loss amounting to more than 75 per cent of its total financial capital for any given financial year. This framework is anchored on Article 289 of the Companies Law. When the liquidation of a company gets approved by the required majority, the dissolution process commences immediately and the term ‘liquidation’ is incorporated to the company’s name. It is worth noting that the Companies Law only stipulates the general guidelines that should govern the liquidation process. It does not lay out a formal dissolution

Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Integrity - Essay Example Some leaders strictly abide by this value; but some, by internal or external factors, are led to be swayed into violating ethical and moral codes of conduct and behavior. The most important integrity competency for an organizational leader is acting consistently with principles, values, and beliefs – which include those stipulated by policies and principles of the organization; because they are expected to abide by the overall goals and interests of various stakeholders who are expected to be governed under these standards. For a political leader, the integrity competency of keeping promises is paramount because they had been voted by the public to serve through advocacies and political platform which had been formed and communicated through plan of action and promises of performance. Finally, a spiritual leader is expected to abide by the integrity competency of telling the truth based on religious doctrines and teachings of the faith so that their followers would be enjoined to practice what they preach. I strongly believe that since one has developed personal values and interests, it would naturally be exuded and adhered to in whatever scenario, setting, or role that one assumes in life. Thus, whether one becomes a follower or a leader, the same set of values and interests would be manifested and applied. As a leader, the advice that I would give others to help them stand up for their values and interests would be to develop values that are consistent with moral, ethical and legal standards and to remain steadfast in conforming to these values. By doing so, leaders and followers would be assured that a sense of integrity is maintained and sustained and one’s image as a person with integrity would never be